Gc M

973.74 N42pr pt.l 1764832

REYNOLDS HISTORICIC, GENEALOGY COLLECTtOlit

/

3 1833 00822 4526

HISTORY

OF THE

^^0 ; —

TENTH EEGIMEKT OF CAVALRY

NEW YOBK STATE VOLUNTEERS

MJ ^■

August, 1861, to August, 1865

BY

K D. PRESTON

WITH AN INTRODUCTION By Gen. D. McM. GREGG

PUBLISHED BY THE TENTH NEW YORK CAVALRY ASSOCIATION

NEW YORK D. APPLETON AND COMPANY

1893

?i

&

1764832

'!«'5ia'^2iSR3ar55"'

r "^^ Preston, Noble D.

k 8349

I c_^ " History of the Tenth regiment of cavalry New York

i • state voluiiteers, Au<;'ust, 18G1, to Au^st, 1865, by N. D.

Prestou, with an introduction by Gen. D. McM. Greirg;

; pub. by the Tenth New York cavalry association. New

York, D. Appleton and company, 1892.

' ;■ xix, 710 p. front., illus., plates, ports., fold. maps. 245*"..

' * 1. U. S.— Hist. — Civil war — Regimental histories — N. Y. cav. — lOth.

:• 2. New York cavalry-. lOtli regt.. 1861-1865.

. ■■ 2-1S24S ... . Library of Congress -^ E523.6.10thP . .

Copy

O

fi2fi25 Copyright 1891:47071 . ta21elj

Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2012

http://archive.org/details/historyoftenthreOOpres

y?yV^y<frty*--''»'^TO^p^i»q^^

i:;.,fa^A,di»rt^^liii^

GENERAL P, H. SHE^RIDAN.

Copyright, 1891, Bt N. D. PRESTON.

All rights reserved.

.zi.-i'^

Feinted in America.

PKEFACE

It was with many misgivings that I yielded to the demands of my comrades, and consented to undertake the preparation of a his- tory of the Tenth New York Cavalry. Fully realizing my unfitness for the work, I felt, nevertheless, the desire so universally entertained by the members, that the record of the Regiment's services should be put in an enduring form ; and, actuated by a sense of duty, I entered upon the task.

The volume is presented as the result of nearly three years' labor. The difficulties attending the collection of material and data have been greater than I had anticipated, but in the necessary corre- spondence I have derived much pleasure in the revival of auld lang syne with comrades " who drank from the same canteen."

It has been my endeavor to record the facts fairly and impartially. Such sins of omission and commission as may be found in the chroni- cle are not due to any predisposed views or opinions on the writer's part, but rather to the ditliculty of getting exact information on many points, and of arranging from a confusion of details a con- nected narrative with proper discrimination.

It is very natural that every soldier should regard his regiment as the best. It was this pride that gave to an army the esprit de corps which rendered it efficient at all times. It is pleasant to record the fact that the men who were banded together as the Tenth Xew York Cavalry entertained this feeling to an unusual degree. A perusal of the pages of this volume will, I believe, convince any one that their pride was fully justified. No apologies or explanations are necessary for any of the actions of the Regiment. Its members acquitted them-

iv HISTORY OF THE TENTH REGIMENT OP CAVALRY.

selves as men on all occasions. "When the time of tlieir terms of service had about expired, tlioy enrolled tlicinselves for three years more, determined to continue tlic struggle to the end.

I desire to acknowledge my obligations to the comrades who have so generously responded with whatever th63y possessed that would aid me in the making up of the volume, as A\'ell as to those who have contributed directly to its pages by personal reminiscences, etc.

To the cliairman of the Publication Committee, Henry E. Hayes, I am under many obligations. He has been indefatigable in his efforts in every way, and has lightened my labors and cheered me in the work. This Committee, composed of U. E. Hayes, D. Getman, Jr., and E. M. Tuton, has been active and eilicient at all times, and ren- dered every possible assistance to facilitate the work. To their broad views the comrades are indebted for the handsome and durable vol- ume herewith presented. Tliey were unanimous in the opinion that in the printing and binding of the book the best would be hone too good. That it comes from the press of the well-known publishing house of D. Appleton & Co. is sufficient pvoot of their wisdom, and insures a work that in its mechanism will be another fitting monu- ment to the memory of the men whose heroic services it records.

I take this opportunity of tendering thanks to Colonel Fred Phisterer, Chief of the Bureau of Records of the War of the Rebel- lion, of the Adjutant-Geiicrars Office of the State of Xew York, Major George B. Davis, of th'3 War Record's Office at Washington, D. C, Mark Brownell and C. AY. Wiles, Corresponding and Recording Secretaries, respectively, of tlie " Tenth Now York Cavalry Associa- tion," John L. Kendlehart, of Philadelpiiia, formerly of Gettysburg, Hon. A. T. Bliss, ATalter Ivcmpster, and j\I. ^lahany, formerly of the Tenth Kew York Cavalry, and to Mr. Edgar Vanderbilt, brother of Captain George Vanderbili, for many favors extended me in the prepa- ration of the volume; al-^o to General Ordway, of Washington, D. C, and to Colonels George Meade and J. Edward Carpenter, of Pliiladel- phia, for photograplis of prominent cavalry generals loaned me.

To those comrades who liave contributed their prison experiences I also desire to acknowledge my oblifrations. These narratives will

PREFACE. V

be found of thrilling interest, particularly to those who shared in the sufferings, the hopes, and the despair of the days and scenes of which they write.

The map showing the position of troops in the cavalry engage- ment on the right flank at Gettysburg, July 2 and 3, 18G3, I made from the maps prepared by authority of tlie Secretary of War, per- mission having been obtained from the Engineer-in- Chief of the Army to use them. The map will, I think, be found interesting and reliable. * The other maps, which I also prepared especially for this work, will aid the reader in following the movements of the regiment, and assist in a comprehension of the magnitude of the theatre of operations of the cavalry of the Army of the Potomac.

The book will be found to possess some features not often met with in a volume of its kind. Artistic reproductions of photographic portraits of all the prominent cavalry generals who served in the Army of the Potomac — a galaxy of leaders the peers of whom it would be difficult to find in modern times, faces that awaken memories of wise administration and gallant leadership ; endeared to every man in their respective commands — adorn its pages.

The " charger " seen plunging through the book, indicates that it is horse from cover to cover.

Comrades, the history is in your hands. In your criticisms, I trust that the broad charity which has always been so prominent a char- acteristic of the intelligent American soldier will be extended, keep- ing in mind the fact that no two actors in the great drama saw things from the same standpoint nor with the same eyes. In the individual records no doubt many errors will be found ; but I have been com- pelled to follow the " official " statements where nothing different, from li\-ing witnesses or papers in my possession, proved the contrary.

It has been my earnest endeavor to place in the hands of the com- rades a truthful and impartial record of the gallant Regiment and its members. If the work proves acceptable to them, I shall feel abun- dantly rewarded for my labor.

N. D. Preston.

Philadelphia, December 1, 1891.

Iiq-TEODUCTIOl!^,

The following pages will be read by three classes with both interest and instruction. The first of these, the more general, com- posed of those who willingly read all that is published concerning the Great AYar of the Kebellion, after having followed the author through the story of the services of the Tenth New York Cavalry, will have a better knowledge of the magnitude of a war w hich con- tinued for nearly four years, whose theatre extended from the Po- tomac to the Rio Grande, and in which the one Eegiment under consideration participated in a hundred battles and skirmislies, and met such enormous losses in killed and wounded; and in deaths from disease in hospitals and rebel prisons.

The second class of readers, the immediate friends and relatives of the good and true men wdiose names were borne on Die rolls of the Tenth Xew York, will in the narrative find peculiar interest. What their loved ones suffered from wounds, disease, the fatigue and hardships of campaigns, amid the ice and snow of winter and the heat and dust of summer, will be better understood after they shall have followed the author to the end.

The veterans of the Regiment will read ^vith great pride and satis- faction its story, the history which they made with the keen edges of their sabers and the unerring bullets of their carbines. Their memories freshened, they will be better jible to figlit tiieir battles o*er, and to recall associations with the dear comrades who have preceded them to the reassembling of the grand old Army of the Potomac on the other shore.

Grand Tenth Kew York Cavalrv ! The writer of this brief intro-

Viii''' HISTORY OP THE TENTH REGIMENT OP CAVALRY.

duction had the honor of commanding the division in which it served. In two and a half years of servicd he never knew it to fail in its duty. Led by such gallant soldiers as Irvine and Avery, to it belongs a full share of the glory won by its division and its arm of service.

The author of the history is to be complimented on the successful completion of his work. It has involved much labor in the necessary examination of official records and in extensive correspondence. The result of his patient labor will prove a valuable contribution to the true history of the War of the Kebellion.

D. McM. Gkegg, Late Brigadier and Brevet Major- Oeneral of Volunteers^

Readdto, Pa., September 3, 1S91.

^^''

V x^

^'m

N. D. PRESTON, Historian.

CONTENTS

CHAPTER I.

OKGANIZATION AT ELMIRA.— IN WINTER QUARTERS AT GETTYSBURG.

PAGE

Authority granted John C. Lcmmon to recruit the Eei^imcnt. — Difficulty in raising the necessary men. — The Porter Guards. — Christened before birth. — Eecruiting commenced. — The first company and first men enlisted. — Where the men came from.— Arrival of Company A in Elmira rendezvous. — Barracks No. 2.— Camp scenes and incidents. — Arrivals in camp of the various companies. — Captain Avery in command of the barracks. — Koster of the Eegiment. — Poster of Field, Staff, Non-commissioned Staff and Band. — Election of field officers. — Clothing received. — Major Bernstein, drill-muster. — Material of which the Eegiment was composed. — Company A's cold-water bath. — The Morgan Cavalry disbanded. — Company C's skirmishing experience. — Grand review. — Numerical designation and muster into ."service of the Eegiment. — Ordered to Gettysburg. — Gettysburg ? ? ? — A happy crowd. — Arrival there Christmas night, 1861. — Eeception in Gettysburg. — First dress parade. — Locating a camp. — Assignment of the companies to temporary quarters. — Address of Colonel Lemmon to the citizens. — General Order No. 20. — Tents erected. — Camp abandoned. — Death of John W. Congdon. — The first death in the Eegiment, and first Union soldier interred in the Gettysburg ceme- tery.— ^The Secretary of War asked to have barracks erected for the Eegiment. — First Ecgimental review. — Sham prize-fight. — Bad effect of the factional differ- ences among officers. — Barracks ordered built. — Location. — First troops m bar- racks.— Presentation of .>*ilk banner by Miss Elizabeth Porter. — Care of the sick. — Celebrating Union victories and anniversaries. — A home guard cavalry com- pany.—Social mentions.— Ordered to Perry ville, Md. — Farewell to Gettysburg. —Kind mention by the newspapers.— Card from Surgeon Pease.— How the Tenth came to be quartered in Gettysburg ....... 1

CHAPTER IL

PERRYVILLE, HAVRE DE GRACE, BALTDIORE, WASHINGTON.

The journey to Perry^-ille. — Characteristics of the place. — Growing discontent among the men. — The Rcunment ordered to Havre de Grace. — Companies A, C, F, and G, under Major Avery, assigned to guarding railroad.— The ferry-boat Maryland. — The Secretary of War petitioned to disband the Eegiment or send it into active service. — Non-commissioned officers reduced for complicity. — Muskets stored. — Company A makes a capture of schooner and embryo rebel soldiers. — Corporal John P. White's and Lieutenant Weed's accounts. — Issue of pistols and carbines to the Eegiment.— Eumors of a transfer to Virginia.— Companies B, D, E, F, H,

X HISTORY OF THE TENTH REGIMENT OF CAVALRY.

PAGK

and regimental head-quarters transferred to Eirtterson Park, Baltimore.— Eeviewed by General Wool. — Importance of the bridges of the P. W. & B. R. R. — Historic Patterson Park. — Attractions about the city. — Issue of horses. — Off for Washing- ton, D. C, mounted. — Arrival at the National Capital. — Companies A, C, and G arrive next day. — Reunited and encamped near Bladensburi,' Toll-gate. — Hifttori- cal grounds. — Breaking horses and bones. — Drills and dross parades. — President Lincoln and Secretary Seward interested spectators. — Orders for recruiting a third battalion. — The detail. — It proceeds to New York State— Elmira the ren- dezvous.— Enlistment and inuster-in of Companies I, K, L, and M. — The roster of each. — Off for Washington of the three first companies, — Issue of horses. — Join- ing the Regiment at Brooks's Station . . . . . . .25

CHAPTER HI.

FIRST ^^RGIXIA CAMPAIGN.— FROM SECOND BULL RUN TO FREDERICKSBURG.

Companies A, B, D, and E, undei Major Avery, ordered to Falls Church.- Crossing the long bridge in a severe storm. — The Regiment receives its full complement of horses. — Companies C and F, under Major Kemper, ordered to Fort Whipple. — Scouting. — Capture of Captain H. S. Pratt and thirty men near Centreville. — Captain Pratt's account. — General Cox's report. — Colonel Thomas T. Muniord's (Confederate) report.— The first blood fight of the Regiment, Leesburg. — A gal- lant charge.— Account of the engagement by Corporal E. W. Stark, Company A, and reports of Colonel Davies. — Composition of Bayard's Brigade. — Foraging incident. — A forward movement. — Skirmishing. — '' Joe Bailey." — A letter from Major Avery's benefactress. — The fight at the Gold Mines. — Company H loses several men. — Reports of General Bayard and Lieutenant-Colonel Irvine. — Captain Peck in arrest. — Picket duty. — Foraging facts and fancies. — Bayard's Brigade on a reconnoissance. — A cold time and great sufferinof. — General Bayard on guard.— On picket again. — An attack on the relief. — Account of Sergeant Mor- timer Spring, of Company D.— Comp.anies L and K on detached service. — Captain Vanderbilt's graphic account of escort duty with a new company. — Battle of Fredericksburg.— Death of General Bayard.— General D. McM. Gregu succcceds Mm in command. — Return of the prisoners paroled at Centreville. — Kilpatrick in command of the brigade.— The march to Belle Plain.— In camp, preparatory to going into winter quarters . . . . . . . .40

CHAPTER IV.

SPRING CAMPAIGN, 1863.— FROM CAMP BAYARD TO BATTLE OF BRANDY

STATION.

In winter quarters at Camp Bayard.— Camp scenes and incident?.— Return of Com- panies L and K from detached service. — Muster-in of part of Company M at Elmira, and arrival at Camp Bayard.— Colonel Lemmon comes to camp, and re- mains a few days. — Part of the Redmcut on picket. — Entire Rciriment on outpost duty at Lamb Creek Church.— Terrible storms.— Burnside's mud march.— A tedious, disagreeable march to Mathias Point.— On piiket again. — Severe snow- storm.— Company M joins tlie Regiment. — The rcirimental organization complete.' — Foraging foibles and picket paraerraphs. — Surgeon ClarVce tells some amusing anecdotes.— Captain Vanderbilt and the pet y>i<r.— R. G, Kin^f, of Company A, relates his experience. — Tiie oscillations between Camp I:>ayard and King George County.— Grand review of the Army of the Potomac by IVcsidont Lincoln and

CONTENTS. Xi

PAGE

General Hooker. — The cavalry makes an impression— ^m the mud. — Punisljment of two deserters. — Or<,Tinizatioa of thc» Cavalry Corps. — Changes in the Tenth. — Koster ot oiliccrs. — Good-bye to Camp Bayard. — Opening of the spring campaign. —Marching and countermarching in tlie vicinity of Warrcnton and Bealton. — The Stoneman raid.— The delay in starting. — Dispatches of General Hooker and President Lincoln. — Charge of the Regiment througti Louise Court-House. — Sergeant Pettis, of Company K, attempts horse-trading under difficulties. — Detail to destroy bridge. — A stampede. — George Hines, of Company A, and his chicken.— Sleepy soldiers snoring. — Arrival and crossing at Kelly's Ford. — Cap- tain Getman's account of the raid. — Colonel Kilpatrick's march to Gloucester Point. — Surgeon Clarke remembers the raid. — Some reflections. — Following the cavalry wagon train to Chancellorsville. — The rebels shell the camp. — Ludicrous scene. — Joining the corps at Bealton. — To Potomac Creek bridge. — Back to . Bealton.— On picket.— Capturing a guci;illa. — Another case. — A lover's flight and plight. — On picket at Warrenton Junction . . . . . 58

CHAPTER V.

GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN.— FROM BRANDY STATION TO GETTYSBURG.

Return of Colonel Kilpatrick from Gloucester Point. — Keen blades for a promised contest.— Battle of Brandy Station.— The first great cavalry combat of the war. — Strength of General Pleason ton's force,— Accounts and incidents of the battle by Lieutenant B. B. Porter, of Company L., Elias D. Evans and Joseph F. Ashtenaw, of Company D.— Operations of Company L. — Losses in the Regiment. — Confederate report of capture of the standard of the Tenth New York. — Rela- tive strength of the forces engaged. — Effect of the encounter on the Union cavalry. — Reorganization ot the Cavalry Corps. — General D. M. M. Gregg in command of the Second Division.— The Tenth in the Third Brigade, Colonel J. Irvin Gregg commonding.— The march northward. — Action at Aldie.— Middle- burg engaercmcnt. — Accounts by Major Kemper, Sergeant Edson, of Company D, Corporal David L. Wallace, of Company A, Sergeant John B. Butfura, of Company B.— Prisoners and wounded sent to Aldie.— Incident by W. W. Williams, of (com- pany D. — En£ragenient at Upperville. — The Confederate cavalry driven to Ash- by's Gap. — Falling back. — The Regiment under a brisk artillery fire. — Ordered to service with the Twelfth Corps. — Arrival at Leesburg. — Marching northward with the infantry.— Arrival in Frederick, Md. — General Meade supersedes Gen- eral Hooker in command of the Army of the Potomac. — The Regiment back in the Third Brijiado. — The march continued to Newmarket, New "Windsor, West- minster.— Cro.-^sing the Pennsylvania line. — Halt at Hanover Junction. — Arrival at Hanover.— A royal reception.- Scene of Kilpatrick's fight.— Arrival on the right flank at Gettysburg. — Adventure and capture of Surgeon Lyman W. Bliss. — Impatience of the men to visit friends in the village. — Sounds of the raging con- flicti — John iladole, Company L, the first to enter Gettysburg . . .82

CHAPTER VL

GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN CONTINUED.— ON THE RIGHT FLANK AT GETTYSBURG.— TO HARPER'S FERRY.

On tlic right flank at Gettysburg. — Home again, almost. — Speculation and expecta- tion.— Ordered forward. — The first advance to Brinkerhoof's Ridge. — First troops engaged on the right flank. — Rank's Battery.— Second action on Brinkerhoof's Ridge. — Colonel Brooke-Rawle's account. — Accounts by Sergeant B. W. Bonnell,

xii HISTORY OP THE TENTH REGIMENT OF CAVALRY.

PAGE

of Company 11, Captain Lownsbury and Corporal Dow, of Company K, Sergeant Edson, of Company D, Sergeant D. W. Pletohcr, of Company F, Lieutenant Matthews, of Company M, and Lieutenant Porter, of Company L. — Incidents by Sergeant John A. Freer and W. E. Phelps, of Company M, and Ilosjntal Steward "Walter Kempster. — Scene of the battle at night. — Reports of Generals Johnson and "Walker (Confederate ).-^T he Tenth New York Cavalry Monument. — Skirmishing at night on the right of the Tweiftli Corps. — Incident. — Engagement of July 3d. — General Gregg apprised of the approach of the Confederate cavalry. — Accounts by Major McClellau and the Corate de Paris. — Mcintosh opens the fight. — Custer recalled. — Irvin Gregg's Brigade in reserve. — A brilliant encounter. — Gregg vic- torious.— Strength of the opposing forces. — Losses. — Extract from General Gregg's address at the dedication of the Cavalry shaft. — On picket at night. — Foraging. — A night-scene in the rear of the great battle-field. — Refugees returning to town. — Familiar forms and faces. — In Gettysburg again. —Irvin Gregg's Brigade the first troops to enter the village. — The Porter Guards welcomed. — Interesting reminiscences. — Arrival of Early's Confederate Division en route for York, Pa. — His demand for food and clothing. — A prompt refusal fi-om ilr. D. Kendel- hart, on behalf of the village. — Old John Burns the bearer of the documents. — Incident of the "Hero of Gettysburg." — Letter from C. J. Tyson. — The spirit of the Confederates broken. — Lee falls back during the night of July 3d.— Mr. Kendelhart the bearer of the news to General Meade. — Gregg's Division in pursuit on the Chambersburg Road. — Scenes of death and devastation on the route. — Great numbers of prisoners taken. — Sufferings from hunger.— Foraging. — ^Fodder and food freely furnished.— Arrival in Chambersburg.— To Quincy, "Waynesboro, Middletown, Boonesboro. — Rest and rain. — To Harper's Ferry. — Encamp on Bolivar Heights.— First Union troops to cross the Potomac . . 106

CHAPTER VIL

FALL CAMPAIGN, 1863.-FROM HARPER'S FERRT TO WINTER QUARTERS AT TURKEY RUN, NEAR WARRENTON.

Harper's Ferry.— Incidents and scenes.— Surgeon Clarke's close call,— Arrival at Shep- berdstown.— Issue of bacon.— " Dinner fo' de hands."— On picket.- Outposts attacked.— Fii-st Maine's opportune arrival.—Accnunt of Company IPs operations by Corporal Harrison.— A severe struggle.— General Gregg withdraws to Harper's Ferry during the night.— Experience of Sergeant Peck, of Company M.— Con- federates also decamp in the night.— Losses in the Reu'inient.— General Gregg's report.— Colonel Grcu'tr's report.- The march soiuhward Uikon up.— To Lovetts- ville, Goose Creek, Bull Run, Broa^l Run, Catlctt's Station, Warronton Junction. —On picket duty.— To Aml^sville.— Skirmish at Little Washinirton, Au!2:ust 3d.— Again on the 4th.— Georire Ilines. of Company A, swaps horses with liis antagonist in the fight.— Account by Sur^'eon Clarke.— To Sul{.hur Springs.— Brigade desig- nation chanired to the Second.— Companies .M and K on detached service with the Second Corp?.— On picket near Jefferson and Oak Shade.— To Culpeper, Brandy St-ation, and Fay etteville.— Back to Culpcp>er.— The Army fallinir back. —To Sulphur Sprinirs.— Adventure of the First .Maine Cavalry.— Battle of Sulphur Springs.— An unequal contest.— Ni^'ht fighting.— Cut off.— A diseouraL'ing out- look.—Opportune arrival of Colonel Taylor's brigade.— Arrival nt Fayctteville.

Experiences of Sergeant W, N. Harrison, of Company H, and PHias D. P^vans, of Company D.— General Gre_':,''s report.— Experience of A. L. Eldridu'e, of Company I^-— To Auburn.— Captain Vanderbilt, with his squadron, on picket.— An attack and heroic stand.— CapUiu Vanderbik's aecount.—Lieutonant Johnson's gallant

CONTENTS. • xiii

PAGB

charge. — He is captured. — Graphic account by Lieutenant IT. E. TIayea. — A des- perate but short struggle. — Stuart in a tight place. — Skirmish at Bristoe. — Picket- ing near Fairfax Court-Housc. — Following the retreating Confederate army. — On picket at Fayetteviile and Morrisville. — Lieutenant AL. E. Woodruff and a small force attacked.— Woodruff severely wounded and the men captured. — Ac- count by Warren W. Irish, of Company D. — Mine Run. — Attacked in rear. — Kepulse of the rebels. — A sharpshooter's fate. — Captain Snyder sent to open com- munication with Colonel Taylor. — The army falls back.— General Lee's intended attack on the Union left in reverse— A bitter cold night. — Covering the retreat. — Encamped at Turkey Eun . • / • • • • . .182

CHAPTER Vin.

SPRING CAMPAIGN, 1864.-FROM TURKEY RUN TO RETURN FROM SHERIDAN'S RAID TO RICHMOND.

In winter quarters at Turkey Eun, near Warrenton.— Camp pranks. — Small-pox. — A midnight alarm.— Capture of " Bob Ridley."— The regimental flags.— Ee-enlist- ment. — Special Order No. 11, A. of P. — Off for Elmira. — Destruction of printing office and saloon in Sunbury. — The boys at home. — Return to camp at Turkey Eun.— Scouting and picketing again.— Statement of Miss Patton.— Arrest of Mi-s. Monroe.— Major Weed's account. — Reorganization of the Army of the Potomac. — General Sheridan in command of the Cavalry Corps.— Composition of the Union and Confederate Cavalry Corps. — Wounded sent to W^ashington. — Lieutenant Hayes severs his connection with the Regiment. — Companies K and M return from detached service with the Second Corps. — ilarch to Morrisville. — Skir- mishes near Morrisville and Tockctt's Mills. — General Sheridan reviews Gregg's division. — Ilurried march to Sulphur Springs. — Detachment under Major Weed at Morrisville returns to camp. — Farewell to Turkey Run.— March to Paoli Mills. — Order No. 177. — Sand-storm. — Opening of the spring campaign. — Crossing at Ely's Eord.— Fighting at Todd's Tavern and the Catharpin Road.— A friendly ad- monition.— Account by Lieutenant Van Tuyl. — The march back to Aldrich's. — Start on the raid to Richmond.— An attack.— Custer's captures at Beaver Dam. — A rude awakening.— Engagement at Ground Squirrel Bridge. — Letter from Colonel Trcichel.— Account from Sergeant John P. White, Company A.— Close upon the Confederate capital. — A night of great interest.— Death of Generals Stuart and Gordon. — Inside the Confederate fortifications. — A hard all-day fight. —The Confederates repulsed and the march resumed.- Alarm in Richmond.— On *'from" Richmond. — Malvern Hill. — Shelled by the Union gunboats. — Arrival at Haxall's Landing. — Food, forage, and fire-water obtained from General Butler. — The Tenth transferred to General Davics's Brigade.— Start on the return to the army. — Incidents. — Poor eggs for good money. — Crossing the Pamunkey River. — A severe thunder-storm. — With the army again. — A worn-out command . 156

CHAPTER IX.

SUMMER CAMPAIGN, 18M.— FRO^I HAWES'S SHOP TO CROSSING JAilES RIVER.

Off for the left of the army.— A night march. — South of the Pamunkey again. — A severe engacrement at Hawes's Shop. — Custer on the enemy's flank. — A hospital episode.— March to Old Church Tavem.— Fighting at Cold Harbor.— Relieved by the infantrj'. — Sumner's Upper Bridge, or Barker's Mills. — Under a heavy artillery fire. — Bottom's Bridge. — More shelling. — Crossing the Pamunkey at New

Xiv HISTORY OF THE TENTH REGIMENT OF CAVALRY.

PAGE

Castle. — Another raid. — A hot and dusty march. — Forajring incident. — Battle of Trevillian Station.— Tiie Tenth with Colonel Gregg's Brigade. — A brilliant charge. — Accounts by Adjutant Kennedy, Captain Vanderbilt, of Company L, Lieu- tenant J. M. Reynolds; of Company G. — Experience of Commissary Preston. — Death of a young Confederate otlicer who had " filled so many lives with happi- ness, so many hearts with pride." — Incidents of personal gallantry. — Custer's ar- tillery in the early part of the engagement. — Chaplain's reminiscences. — Relative rtrengtb of the forces engaged. — The return march to the York River.— Part of the brigade band bagged. — Foragers wounded and captured. — Arrival at White House. — Skirmishing. — Engagement at St. Mary's Church. — The Second Division saves the army trains. — Accounts of the battle by Captain George Vanderbilt, of Company L, E. M. Tuton, of Company E, Lieutenant James Matthews, of Com- pany M, Lieutenant David Fletcher, of Company F, and Sergeant J. A. Edson, of Company D. — Arrival of the trains and troops at the James River.— Crossed to the south side ■ ■ . . . . . . . . 188

CHAPTER X.

FALL CAMPAIGX, 1864. -FROM PRINCE GEORGE COURT-HOUSE TO RETURN FROM RAID TO WELDON RAILROAD.

In camp near Fort Powhatan. — Prince George Court-IIouse.— Skirmish at Lee's Mills. — Movement to the north side of the James River. — On the Charles City Road. — Engagement at Strawberry Plains, or Deep Bottom. — Back to the south side of the James.— Fight at Lee's Mills. — General Sheridan takes the First and Third Cavalry Divisions to the Shenandoah Valley. — Second movement north of the James.— Engagement at Deep Bottom. — Action of Captain Vanderbilt's squad- ron.— Good fighting all around. — Colonel Gregg wounded. — Death of General J. R. Chambliss, Confederate. — Letter from General Gregg. — Extract from Cap- tain Vanderbilt's diary . — Captain Vanderbilt in command of the Kcgiraent, — Return to south side of the James. — Jerusalem Plank Road, or Ream's Station. — Skir- ■ mishing. — With Colonel Spear's Brigade, of Kautz's Division, — Return to Da- vies's Brigade. — More fighting at Ream's Station. — Colonel Avery in command again. — Companies B, C, D, and G on detached service. — Movement to Stony Creek. — Lieutenant Charley Pratt's squadron attacked by flying artillery. — De- tail for recruiting service. — Captain Vanderbilt in command again. — Skinnish at Ream's Station. — Captain Snyder in command. — Hard fighting at Poplar Springs Church, or Vaughn Road. — Accounts by Captain J. M. Reynolds, of Company G, Captain W. R. Perry, of Company A, and Lieutenant David Pletcher, of Com- pany F.-^The Twenty-fourth New York Cavalry assigned to the First Brigade. — Action on the Boydton Plank Road.— Stony Creek again. — Return of Colonel Avery with recruiting detail. — Reconnaissances. — Engagement at Stony Creek Station. — Accounts by Corporal Ilioks, of Company L, and Captain J. J. Van Tuyl, of Company K. — The Weldon Railroad raid. — Engagement at Three Creeks. — A sharp fight. — Account of the raid by C. W. Wiles. . . 222

CHAPTER XL

CLOSING CAMPAIGN OF THE WAR.— FROM DINWIDDIE COURT-HOUSE TO MUSTER OUT OF SERVICE.

Grant tightening his grip on the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia.— Sheridan's success in the Shenandoah.- Surprise of the enemy at Dinwid<lie Court-IIousc. — Rowimty Creek. — Hatcher's Run. — Fighting the Confederate infantry. — General

CONTENTS. - XV

PAGE

Bavies wounded.— Woundin;? of Lieutenant-Colonel Tremain. — Account by Cap- tain J. J. Van Tuyl, of Company K.-»-Tncident3.— A night of sufferin]^. — Deatla of Captain Fobes, C. S., and Lieutenant-Colonel Tremain. — Kesiguation and departure of General D. M. M. Gregg. — Colonel Gregg in command of the division. — Colonel Avery accompanies the remains of Lieutenant-Colonel Tre- main to Albany. — General Davies in command of the division.— Death of Captain George L. Brinkerhoff, of Company B. — Return of General Sheridan with the First and Third Cavalry Divisions. — He immediately proceeds to business. — Dinwiddle Court-Ilouse again. — Hard fighting. — Account by Captain John P. "White, of Company L. — Experience of Sergeant L. A. Colburn, of Company A. — A brave act by a devoted comrade. — Experience of Albert Engle, of Company I. — The dissolution of the house of Davis near at hand. — Five Forks. — A hard fight. — ^Prisoners in plenty, the broken pieces of the crumbling Confederacy. — Jeff Davis in church and trouble. — Petersburg and Eichmond evacuated. — Marching and countermarching. — Davies's Brigade strikes and captures Lee's wagon train. — P^e's Cross Roads. — Burning wagons. — Captures of prisoners, artillery, and flags. — Gallantry of the Union cavalry. — Account by Captain J. J. Van Tuyl, of Company K.— Battle of Sailor's Creek. — A sanguinary and successful engagement. — Accounts by Captain J. J. Van Tuyl, of Company K, Captain W. R. Perry, of Company A, Captain David Pletcher, of Company F, Captain John P. White, of Company L, and Charles H. (Hugo) Mulertt, of Company C. — Incidents of the battle. — Greneral Sheridan's estimate of it. — " Let the thing be pressed." — En- ' gagement at Farraville.— -General J. Irvin Gregg a prisoner.— Accounts by Cap- twn David Pletcher, of Company F, and Lieutenant N. A. Reynolds, of Com- pany A. — Incidents. — The 9th of April, 1865. — Scenes and incidents. — Capture of Captain J. J. Van Tuyl, of Company K. — His account of it. — Closing scenes of the surrender. — Number of men surrendered by General Lee. — Losses in the Army of the Potomac in the closing campaign. — Relative losses in the cavalry. — The march back to Prince Edward Court-IIouse. — News of the as- sassination of President Lincoln. — March to Petersburg. — Off to join Sher- man's army. — Return to Petersburg. — General Sheridan leaves for "Washing- ton.— The brigade ordered to Washington. — General Sheridan leaves for New Orleans.— His disappointment. — In Camp at Bladensburg. — The Grand Review. — March to Cloud's Mills, Va. — General Davies asks to be relieved. — Con- solidation of the Tenth and Twenty-fourth Regiments, New York Cavalry. — To be known as the First New York Provisional Cavalry. — Close of the record of the Tenth. — Report of Lieutenant-Colonel Sccva, of tlie First New York Provisional. — Special Order No. 32. — Roster of officers. — Officers rendered supernumerary. — Off for Syracuse, N. Y. — Final pay and muster out.— Working off the surplus combativeness.— Final farewells ....... 239

REGIMENTAL ROSTER. Roster of the Field, Staff, Non-Coramissioned Staff, Band, and Companies, with recapitu- lations of the same. — About the regimental band and its transfer to a brigade band. — The honored dead of the Regunent. — Biographical sketches of many of the members. 269

LOSSES IN ACTION. List of engagements in which the Regiment participated, with names of the killed, wounded, and prisoners.— Losses by companies . . . . .507

DIED IN SOUTHERN PRISONS. Names of those who died in Andersonville, Richmond, and Salisbury Prisons . 5-27

xvi HISTORY OF THE TENTH REGIMENT OF CAVALRY.

PAGE

RECAPITULATION TABLES .528

OFFICIAL REPORTS. Keports of General D. McM. Greirg, Colonel JuAson Kilpatrick, Major M. H. Avery, Major Theodore 11. Weed, Captain B. B. Porter, General P. H. Sheridan, and General H. E. Davies, Jr. 530

APPENDIX.

Pkisox A2a> Escape Experience of Captain B. B. Porter. — Prison life of "W. A. Orser. — Prison, escape, and recapture of Sergeant B. W. Bounell.— Prison experience of Erie 0. Van Brocklin. — Prison and escape by Captain A. T. Bliss. — Prison life of Captain B. F. Lownsbery. — Prison and escape experience of K. II. Ferguson . 543

Official Report of ^Major-General P. H. Sheridan, covering the operations of the Cavalry Corps, Army of the Potomac, from April 6 to August 4, 18G4 . . 663

GENERAL INDEX 677

INDEX TO POETRAITS.

Adams, Capt. . Adams, John T. . Ansley, Ileaton Averill, Gen. W. W. Avery, Col, M. 11. .

Barney, Capt. L. L. Barry, Thomas Battle ilonument . Bayard, Gen. George D Beardslce, Bronson Beai-dsley, Addison Bingham, G. W. . Bishop, Chester Bliss, Alonzo O. . Bliss, Capt. A. T. . Bliss, Surg. Lyman W Blynn, Muj. Martin II Bolton, William J. Bonnell, B. W. . Booth, George C. . Boyd, Lieut. Horatio II Bradley, Capt Jo.-^eph II. Brooks, S. A. . Brown, James B. . Brownell, Frank . Browuell, ^lark Bruce, Alfred Butfum, D. T. Buford, Gen. John Bull, Theodore Burzette, Bcla

Cameron, "\V. "W. . Cavalry generals . Clarke, Dr. Henry K. Cole, Addison Corwin, Gillespie B. Cowles, Lieut. John E. Crandall, C. L.

. 232

. 456

. 854

. 268

4, 284

. 192

. 16

. 106

. 82

. 456

. 456

. 406

. 310

. 476

. 38

. 132

, 180

. 296

. 406

. 456

. 180

. 208

. 456

. 484

. 302 288, 302 54, 300

. 310

. 268

. 310

. 126

. 186 2-10, 256, 268

, 208

. 16

. 302

. -126

. 406

Crook, Gen. George Custer, Gen. George A.

Daniels, H. B. Davies, Gen. Henry E. Davis, William E. Devin, Gen. Charles Dickinson, Frank . Dolan, James. Douglas, M. E. Dow, E. G. . Duffi^, Gen. Alfred K

Eldridge, K. L. Euirel, Albert

Fams worth, Capt. H. E, Famsworth, Gen. E. J, Fisk, George L. Fitts, Lieut. James F. Fobes, Capt. Edward Forsyth, Lieut.-Col. Freer, John A.

Gait, Lieut. Sydenham Gallagher, John . Getman, Capt. David Gettysburg Monument Graves, Lieut. William Gregg, Gen. D. McM. . Gregg, Gen. D. MeM. Gregg, Gen. J. Irvin Gregg, Lieut. Thoma Grittin, Joseph T.

Hall, ^lorgan . narj-ier, Capt., Provost- Ilarrison, William X. Ilartwell, Capt. Elijah Ilawes, Lieut. Ed. S.

E.

5S, 82, 232, 240, Stall,

and

Marshal

. 256 . 256

. 310 ♦82, 240 . 142 . 268 . 16 . 456

54, 292 . 456

. . 268

348 496

126, 186

. 268

. 456

. 180

. 232

. 240

. 96

132 394

48 106 204 256 232

82 232

16

54

232 142 180 180

xviii HISTORY OF THE TENTH REGIMENT OP CAVALRY.

Ilaxton, B. Hayes, Albert W. Ilayts, Henry E. Henry, James P. HibbuRl, Enos S. Hieks, II. G. . Hills, L. P. . Hinckley, Lieut. Edgar Huey, Col. Pennock Huson, L. J. . Hutchings, William

Ingersoll, T. G. . Ingraham, Austin Irvine, Col. William

Johnson, Capt. Thomas W.

Kemper, Maj. John II. . Kempster, Lieut. Walter Kilpatrick, Gen. Judson King, Lieut. John B. . Kinney, William B. Kuhn, Jacob .

Lemmon, Col. John C. . Lenox, William Lewis, John W. Loomis, Capt. W. . Loomis, W. II. Lownsbury, Capt B. F.

Mahaney, Michael Map of Gettysburg Map of Culpeper to Gettysburg Map of Campaigns of 1S<U Map of Dinwiddle C. II. to Appor Marsh, Asst. Surgeon . Matthews, Lieut. James Matthews, Milford E. . May bury, John R. Mcintosh, Gen. John B. McKevitt, Lieut. John T. McWethcy, J. P. . McWethey, Kowland S. Mcrritt, Gen. Wesley . Miles, W. A. . . ' . Mitchell, Nelson . Monument, dedication of Moodie, J. W. Morey, Capt. Norris Morey, Lieut. Horace . Morse, E. D. .

, ,

456

.

302

16, 148

r^02

.

4'JQ

. 354,

40«

■ .

484

.

348

.

310

.

268

.

354

• •

142

.

45G

.

456

• .

2

• .

180

186

. 16,

342

82

. 16, 90 1

"54

• •

394

.

1

. 96

354

.

394

.

456

.

456

. •

456

500

.

116

.

100

.

186

nattox

252

.

232

.

406

394

.

484

.

268

.

180

. 54,

292

292

. 240,

256

456

. 54,

300

.

130

.

310

.

66

. .

66

.

456

Morse, S.P

Mulertt, Hugo

Newl)ury, Col. Walter C. . Non-Conimissioned Stall' Norton, L. P. . . . .

" Old Van " and " Black Dan " Orcutt, Lieut. George II. Ordner, Capt. John Orton, D, S. .

Paige, Capt. Wilkinson W. Pease, Surgeon R, W Peck, Melvin D. . Perry, Capt. W. A. Pettis, T. C. . Pliillips, Edgar D. Pierce, Capt. John G. Place, Frank . Pleasanton, Gen. Alfred Pletcher, Capt. David W. Porter, Capt. B. B. Potter, William H. Pratt, Capt. Charles E. Pratt, Capt. Henry S. Preston, Capt. N. D.

Kay, C. A. .' . Raymond, A. G. . Reynolds, A. E. Reynolds, Lieut. N. A. Reynolds, Maj. J. M. Robb, Lieut. Williiun J, Rockwell, Slorris . Rogers, J. B. . Rogers, Jacob C. . Rogen*, S. S. . Rose, Henry A. Rosenburg, C. I. K.

Sargent, A. D. Sargent, T. A. Sceva, Lieut.-Col. B. F Seacord, William B. Seaman, William I). Shaver, Adj't. Frank J. Sheridan, Gen. Philip Iron Sheridan, Gen. Philip, and Sherman, L. B. Smith, Col. Charles II Spencer, Charles H. Stark, E. W. .

Statf

456 90

268 16 90

160 488 132 496

376

22 494 204 456 504 400

66 268 382 406 142 180 284 16, 208

. 456

. 456

. 484

. 292

. 26

. 180

54, 300

. 354

. 54

. 354

. 394

. 496

. 456 . 456 . 180 . 496 . 456 . 248 cce, 240, 256 . 222 . 354 . 268 . 208 54, 292

INDEX TO PORTRAITS.

SIX

Stevens, Adjt. George II. . . . 180 Stouenuin, Gen. George . , , 268 Struck, George 16

Tackabury, W. W.. . . . . 126

Tulmau, A. C 456

Taylor, Maj. C 232

Thompson, Lieut. Ilarlan P. . 90, 300 Turbert, Gen. A. T. A. . . 240, 256 Torrey, Capt N. W. . . . 170, 456 Treichel,Capt. Charles. . . .232 Tremaine,Xieut.-Col. Frederick L. . 12 Tuft, Ass't. Surgeon . . . .232 Tuton, Hon. E. M 216

Vail, John W. . . . . .126

Van Brocklin, E. O. . . . .472

Vanderbilt, Capt. George . . 32, 160

VanTassell,L 456

Van Tassell, Uri 456

Van Tassell, William . . . .456 Van Tuyl, Capt. J. J 450

"Waters, Maj. Alvah D. .

. 10, 180

Weijtherell, James S. .

. 406

Webb, Sergt. Maj. Frederick L.

. 16

Webster, J. S. . . .

. 606

Weed, Maj. Theodore II. .

132, 284

W^eir, Capt H. C. . . .

. 232

Wells, George W. .

. 456

Werrick, Lieut. Henry .

. 96

Wetherby, David .

54, 292

Whaley, W. D. . . .

. 348

Whedon, Oscar P. .

.^ 16

Wheeler, William.

. 456

White, Capt. John P. .

. 002

White, Lieut. Truman C. .

. 66

Wiles, Clifton W. . .

. 478

Williams, W. W. . .

. 348

Wilson, Gen. James H, .

240, 256

Woodruff, Lieut. Marshall E.

16, 484

Woodrull, Oscar . . .^

. 126

Wyndham, Col. Percy .

. 268

'■:r-ii-'!>^-

: -M-c^.G.

REVEILLE.

^

\-1

1?/

COLONEL JOHN C. LEMMON.

HISTOEY OF THE TENTH EEGIMENT OF OAYALET,

NEW TORE STATE VOLUNTEERS.

CHAPTER I.

ORGAKIZATIOJf AT ELMIRA — i:^ WINTER QUARTERS >*> AT GETTYSBURG.

AJOR JOHN" C. LEMMOX, of Buffalo, re- ^^x ceived authority from the War Department, under date of August 3, 1861, to raise a regiment of infantry in the State of New York, to be ready for service by the 2d of September — one month from the time authority was granted for recruit- ing it. About the expiration of the prescribed time, General Orders, War Depart- ment, No. 71, dated A. G. 0., September 5, 18G1, were issued, of which the following is an extract :

All persons having received authority to raise volunteer regiments, batteries, and companies in the State of New York will immediately report to his Excel- lency Governor ^lorgan, at Albany, the present state of their respective organi- zations. They and their commands are placed under the orders of Governor Morgan, who will recognize them and prepare them for service in the manner he may judge most advantageous for the interests of the General Government.

As no report appears on the files of the Adjutant-General at Al- bany from Major Lemmon, he presumably reported in person, and that, too, prior to September 2Tth, at which time a letter was received from him relating to transportation. The designation of " infantry " in the order was no doubt a clerical error, or autliority may have been given afterward to change it to cavalry. The first year's service of the regiment would seem to have justified the wording, however, in its original form. '

It would appear that application for authority to recruit a regi- 1

2 HISTORY OP THE TENTH REGIMENT OF CAVALRY. 1861

ment in the State had been made by Major Lemmon as early as the 10th of June, but for some reason, the privilege had been withheld for nearly two months. The disastrous result to the Union arms at Bull Eun, in July, probably hastened the granting of authority.

The time for recruiting a regiment of cavalry in the State of Kew York was most inauspicious. Cavalry was not regarded with favor by General McClellan, the new and popular commander of the Army of the Potomac, nor had there been anything done by it in the field to justify the confidence of the people in its utility. But, notwith- standing the discouragements of the undertaking, which grew apace with the times and finally culminated in the regiment being sent out as a two-battalion organization, recruiting was begun and zealously prosecuted in various places in western New York. The regiment was to be called the Porter Guard Cavalry, in honor of Colonel Peter B. Porter, of Niagara Falls, who had been a distinguished officer in the War of 1812, and who afterward served as Secretary of War under President John Quincy Adams.

Early in August recruiting offices were opened in Buffalo, Syra- cuse, and other points. Company A, Captain M. Henry Avery, of Syracuse, was the first to complete its rolls and present itself for muster into the United States service. The first enlistments in this company, and the earliest, therefore, in the regiment, were Hiram B. Dodge, Addison Realls, and William B. Kinney, who enrolled them- selves with the commissioned officers of the company on the 14th of August. The men composing this company came from Syracuse, Jordan, Jamesville, and Tully, in Onondaga County ; McGrawville, Cortland, Cincinnatus, and Freetown, in Cortland County ; Red Creek and Victory, in Wayne County ; Fulton,, in Oswego County ; Chittenango, in Madison County ; Buffalo, in Erie County ; and Elmira, in Chemung County — Cortland County contributing most liberally in its make-up. It was mustered into the United States service in the old State Arsenal at Syracuse, on the 27th of Septem- ber, and the next day left for Elmira, where the regiment was ordered to rendezvous, going via Cortland and Binghamton. The Cortland contingent received a rousing ovation on the arrival of the train in that beautiful village. The company arrived in Elmira late in the night of the same day, and was assigned to one of the barracks in a long row, located near the canal basin, known as Barracks No. 2. A mattress filled with straw, a tin plate, cup, knife, fork, and spoon constituted the outfit issued to each man, taking which they floun- dered through the mud and water, and took possession of their quar-

COLONEL WILLIAM IRVINE,

Bnvct Rtrigadier Geveral C. S. I'ols.

AiijuUtut Gcnal State of yeu- Yoik, jS66.

1861 ARRIVALS IN CAMP. 3

ters, the first company of the new regiment in rendezvous. The initial night was one of boisterous sociability. The acoustic proper- ties of the palace were thoroughly tested. Every form of entertain- ment, from song and dance to high tragedy, was indulged in — " three in a bed and room to spare, full of fun and free from care." Cor- poral John P. White, who could imitate the utterances of almost everything in the animal kingdom, crowed, gobbled, and cackled, with a realism that awakened responses from the sleepy roosters of the neighborhood. The temporary home was dedicated in a happy manner. The drill-grounds, barracks, and mess-room resounded with the merry laughter and chatter of the boys, as they looked anx- iously forward to the coming of those who were to share with them the joys and the sorrows, the pleasures and the hardships of the com- ing years.

The first guard-mount took place the morning after the arrival. Camp orders and regulations and instructions were read from Gen- eral Van Valkenburg, commandant of the rendezvous, and the guard was marched off to perform their first duty as soldiers — guarding the camp. Orderly Sergeant Xelson Mitchell was an excellent drill-mas- ter, and he improved the time and the fine parade-grounds for putting Company A in an efficient condition.

On the 5th of October — one week after the arrival of Company A — Captain Paige arrived with sixty-eight men; Captain Needham with seventy-seven, and Captain West with fifty-eight, all from Buf- falo. The last two detachments formed the nucleus of Companies B and D. Many of the men had supposed, when they enrolled them- selves, that they were to serve together in the same company. When the regiment finally entered upon active service, Companies B and D were usually squadroned, much to the satisfaction of the men of both, who were nearly all from the same section.

At a " war meeting " held in Golden, Erie County, on the 1st of October, Albert F. Chandler, Edward Clark, John B. Buff urn, Daniel T. Buffum, Chester Bishop, Oscar M. Drake, Orson A. Drake, Orlando D. Dyer, Perry M. Morse, James L. Morse, ^Murray L. Morse, Charles Newell, Harlow Perham, John P. Underhill, William Underhill, John T. Sampson, and Warren Irish enlisted under Marshall R. Woodruff, who it was understood would receive a commission, but in the final adjustment of the regimental affairs he was left out. He, however, accepted a subaltern position, and cheerfully served with the boys until a year later, when the addition of a third battalion to the regiment gave him the position he was entitled to at the beginning.

4 HISTORY OP THE TENTH REGIMENT OF CAVALRY. 1861

Company C, Captain Ordner, arrived on the 9th of the same month, followed soon after by Companies G, Captain Carpenter; D, Captain Purdy ; and E, Captain Morey. These companies were re- cruited mainly in Erie, Niagara, and Chemung Counties. Company C, composed almost wholly of Germans, was from Buffalo. Company F, although appearing on the muster-in roll as from Buffalo and Elmira, were nearly all enlisted at Niagara Falls and vicinity. Be- fore leaving their native village this company was addressed by Col- onel Peter A. Porter, who was afterward commissioned as colonel of a New York regiment, and was killed in the battle of Cold Harbor, June 3, 1864. He was a son of General Peter B. Porter, already mentioned, in honor of whom the regiment was named. With these additions the camp presented an animated appearance and began to assume a martial aspect.

Although those under whose charge the various companies and detachments arrived were designated as captains or lieutenants, none were commissioned until after the regiment had been filled up as a two-battalion organization and received its numerical designation. Some of them never received commissions in the regiment.

On the 7th of October, while awaiting the filling up and organi- zation of the regiment, General Van Valkenburg assigned Captain Avery to the command of all the troops in Baixacks No. 2. As fast as the men arrived they were assigned quarters and at once put on duty — drilling, doing guard duty, etc. A spirit of friendly rivalry soon manifested itself among the companies to excel in the move- ments, manual of arms, and saber - exercise. The men were all anxious for active service, and zealously entered into the labor of fitting themselves for it.

ROSTER OF COMPANIES. COMPANY A. Captain^ M. Henry Avery. 1st Lieutenant, Henry S. Pratt. 2d Lieutenant, Theodore H. Weed.

Sergeants. Nelson Mitchell {Isf). Charles H. Spencer. James F. Dickinson.

Hiram B. Dotlge {Q. J/.). Henry E. Hayes. Lyman Higley.

Corporals. George W. ConwelL Rowland S. ^IcWethey. George Watson.

Noble D. Preston. John E. Cowles. ' David Wallace.

Mark Bro^ynell. John J. Jovuer.

#f^

%^

V

^.V-'-V ' -.^IV

/

COLONEL MATTHEW H. AVERY.

18G1

ROSTER OF COMPANIES.

Addison Cole, Bugler, James H. Cook, Bugler,

Andrew J. Smith, Saddler. Frederick Youngs, Wagoner,

Austin, "William. Baker, William A. Beckhorn, Thompson B. Bird, Theodore. Bishop, William N. Brownell, Benjamin F. Bruce, Alfred. Carder, Henry. Carrington, Welles H. Clark, Charles. Clark, James P. Colburn, Erastus. Colburn, Lewis A. Congdon, John. Coon, Boyington. Corwin, Gillespie B. Decker, George. Deyo, Franklin. Douglas, M. E. Duvall, WUliara. Eastman, James. Fish, James E. Ford, John. Ford, Reuben.

Privates. Freeman, Henry. Gunn, Burrill. Hall, Alonzo. Hall, Morgan. Hammond, Duane. Hammond, James S. Harsh, Jacob. Hayes, Albert W. Hicks, Luther F. P. nines, George. King, John T. King, Ransom G. Kinney, William B. Knight, Charles A. Kreiger, Frederick. Lanninger, Gustave. Leslie, Carroll. Marlin, George. Mayyou, Alonzo. McKenzie, George D. McWethcy, John P. Miller, Van Ness. Moffitt, Joseph. Morgan, William A. Myers, John.

Page, Edwin M. Perry, Walter R. Phillips, John. Pierce, James. Realls, Addison. Reynolds, Norman A. Rice, Horatio H. Roberts, William H. Rockwell, Morris P. Rogers, Jacob W. Root, John H. Sanders, Robert H. Schenck, John. Senter, Lyman. Sherman, John G. Smith, James E. Stark, Edward W. Thompson, Harlan P. Waggoner, Andrew. Wallace, Alexander H. Wetherby, David. W^hite, John P. V/ilbur, William. Woodward, George.

COMPANY B.

Captain, Albert H. Jarvis.

1st Lieutenant, Henry Field.

Sd Lieutenant, John C. Hart.

Thomas Jones {Isf). Wm. H. Moody {Q. M.).

David T. Goodell. Silas Metcalf. Thomas Taylor.

Jarvis A. Chapin, Bugler. Francis Irvine, Bugler, Thomas Barrv, Saddler,

Sergeants. James M. Ocarr. Isaac W. Draper.

Corporals. Marion Smith. Reuben Metcalf, Joseph Cross.

Elijah Hartwell. Frank Place.

Saul Leigh. John Shaw,

Henry Richards, Farrier. Joseph Saunders, Farrier. James R. Ilobbs, Wagoner.

HISTORY OF THE TENTH REGIMENT OF CAVALRY. 1861

Ayers, Arville D. Beck, Einil. Bishop, Chester. Blood, Charles F. BuSum, Daniel T. Buffum, John B. Bull, Theodore. Burzette, Bela. Bush, Horace. Calkins, William H. Carpenter, William H. Casey, Edwin W. Chandler, Albert F. Clark, Edwin. Clark, Robert M. Clark, William. Coffien, Alpheus H. Cook, Reuben. Coulson, William L. Cowles, Samuel. Cozen, Thomas. Drake, Orson A. Drake, Oscar M. Dyer, Orlando.

Privates. Edmonds, George.D. Emery, Edward F. Gage, Stephen W. Goodell, George W. Hall, James P. Hathaway, William. Hill, Jay.

Hitchcock, Theodore. Hoffteling, Abel T. Irish, Warren. Knowlton, Byron. Moodie, John W. Morse, James L. Morse, Murray L. Morse, Perry M. Nelson, Newton B. Newell, Charles. Payne, Truman W. Perham, Harlow. Porter, John W. Roberts, Edward. Roe, Delavan H. Rogers, Sherman S. Sampson, John,

Scott, William B. Slocum, Philip. Smalling, William. Southwick, Gilbert S. Stone, Leander. Stoing, Charles. Storms, John W. Taylor, Frank. Underhill, John. Underhill, William. Vail, John. W'ade, Simeon. Wolfen, Archibald. Walker, George. Walsor, Eli. Webb, Frederick L. Webster, Warren. Wendt, Frederick. Wightman, Henry. Wilson, Franklin M. Winstead, Milo. Woodruff, M. R. Woodward, Allen. Worden; Herman.

COMPANY a Captain, John Ordner.

1st Lieutenant, L. L. Barney.

2d Lieutenant, John Werickc

Sidney Foster {Isf). Edgar Hinckley {Q. 31.)

Joshua Lautenshlager. Philip Neeb. James Long.

Joseph X. Kunzi, Bugler. Nicholas Koerber, Bugler. Peter Schang, Farrier.

Acreck, John. Allen, John. Amun, Laurence.

Sergeants. ^lichael Miller. Henry Werick.

Corporals. Abram Ritter. Lewis Schafer. George Beck.

John A. Scherer. George A. Tyrell.

Jacob Browner. Martin Mortsolf.

Xavier Egloff, Farrier. Anthony Margie, Saddler, John Miller, Wagoner,

Privates. Arnold, Christopher C. Beach, Charles II. Biahr, Sebastian.

Book, John. Borst, Andrew. Bourgeois, Gustein.

1861

ROSTER OF COMPANIES.

Breakman, Ilenry. Brown, John M. Browner, William. Busch, Edward. Cook, Henry. Corden, Henry. Crager, Henry. Debold, Michael. Dickerson, George. Ehrman, Henry. Everett, Alvin B. Everts, John. Fagel, Frederick. Ferran, Godfrey F. Fogelsonger, Elias. Fracher, ^Vfagnus. Gardner, Christian. Geison, Rudolph. Golah, Jacob. Hartman, Frederick. Hartsleib, John G.

Hinkley, Edward. Kanock, Henry. Kenney, Gay^ord F. Klock, Monroe. Klock, Peter. Klock, Sanford. Koerber, Nicholas. Kratz, Christian. La Francis, William H. Mager, Wedlin. Mapes, Abraham. Menkel, Charles. Meyer, John. Meyer, Nicholas. Miller, John B. Morris, James. Portongsein, Emile. Rant, James. Richer, Ferdinand. Rider, Joseph. Roasler, William.

Raquet, Martin. Rutschman, Albert. Sailer, Frederic. Saulsbury, Frederick. Sauvain, Peter. Schorpp, Leabold. Seiblich, Charles. Seigel, John C. Shultz, Carlo 0. Sipple, Henry. Smith, Louis. Sottebier, Henry. StoU, Peter. Strack, George. Studeman, Ernst. Vibbard, Elijah. Vibbard, James. Vibbard, Orrin. Voser, Jacob. Warmuth, Joseph. Westcott, Arden.

COMPANY D. Captain, Emery Piirdy.

lat Lieutenant, Aaron T. Bliss.

2d Lieutenant, Joseph A. Hatry.

Sergeants. Sydenham Gait {Isf). William J. Robb.

William G.HimrodC^.Jf.). Wesley Tackabury.

Daniel W. Belton. Norman R. Gifford.

Alfred J. Edson. Richard H. Oliver. James Mathews.

Corporals. Wellington Stone. Mortimer Spring. Everett C. Updike.

Jay Crocker. Richard L. Tuke.

Herbert E. Farnsworth, Bugler. John W. Fletcher, Bugler. Joseph Spielman, Farrier.

Ichabod Beardsley, Farrier. Joseph Metzler, Saddler. Caleb J. Ran die, Wagoner,

Adkins, Burton F. Ainslcy, Heaton. Anthony, Edward. Ashtenaw, Joseph F. Avery, Amos D. Bainbridge, Michael.

Privates. Bell, Walter. Benjamin, Marvin H. Biggs, Charles F. Briggs, Charles. Briggs, William. Brodock, Jacob R.

Brooks, Alonzo D. Brown, Reuben S. Burlew, John. Buton, William. Crowell, Everett W. Davis, David R.

8

HISTORY OF THP: TENTH REGIMENT OF CAVALRY. 1861

Davy, Albert. Eastman, Charles. Edmonds, Lewis. Edwards, Josiah. Eldridge, Augustus. Evans, Elias D. Evans, Robert. Finn, William. Griffin, James. Hadden, Hiram. Hannawald, Leonard. Hempstead, Nathaniel. Hibbard, Enos. Huson, Leander J. Laird, Eli. Leek, John D. Lenox, William S. Lewis, Lorenzo.

Lounsbery, John. Mabbett, Joseph I. Manchester, \Villiam, McEUigott, Thomas. McElroy, Henry. McKeagan, Joseph. McQuien, John H. Miles, John. Miller, Gurdon H. Morgan, Charles. Mosher, Philip J. Myers, Charles. Phipps, Ezra. Pratt, George B. Read, Stephen. Robinson, Walter. Rogers, Jerome B. Ryan, William.

Sexton, Loren. Shepherd, John A. Sherman, Ledra B. Slea, George. Spencer, Silas R. Stevens, Calvin. Swartwout, Alexander H. Swartwout, Robert B. Tallmadge, More. Telyea, Eli. Telyea, Marsena. Trotter, Robert. Van Alen, James. V/ashburn, Liba Z. Whaley, William D. White, Ebenezer S. White, Truman C. Williams, William W.

COMPANY E.

Captain, Norris Morey. l8t Lieutenanty Layton S. Baldwin. 2d Lieutenant, William A. Snyder.

Horace Morey {1st). Samuel Baker {Q. M.).

Abram Tucker. Henry H. Pennoyer. Jonas Hambleton.

Sergeants. Thomas W. Johnson. Hiram W. Layton.

Corporals. Harvey B. Snyder. Franklin C. Holcomb. William W. Vanderhoff.

Nelson P. Layton. George W. Sprague.

Henry H. Hambleton. Judson H. Dowd.

William Doan, Bugler. Nelson Dimon, Bugler, John Phlegar, Farrier.

Baker, Andrew I. Barr, Moses. Benedict, George. Bentzel, Daniel. Bentzel, Philip. Blinebry, George. Bold, Herman. Bower, Peter. Bowman, Bvron B.

Edward H. Starkey, Farrier, James Hussey, Saddler. Peter Gorgan, Wagoner,

Privates. Brooks, William. Bull, Edward A. Butler, Abram. Carr, George W. Carrier, William S. Charlesworth, John. Chilcott, Gilbert. Clifford, Charles W. Davis, William C.

Dimon, Abraham. Drown, Napoleon B. Eldridge, William. Ells, Charles. p]ntwistle, John. Farnsworth, William K. Fields. Lucius. Gloris, Henry. Gould, Joseph.

1861

ROSTER OP COMPANIES.

Gressman, Theodore H. Hicks, Alfred. Hills, Lucius. Hogaboom, Henry H. Hummel, Julius. Johnson, Robert. Kenyon, Hiram. Laroek, Charles. Larock, Joseph. Leach, Stephen H. Leonards, Owen. McDougal, James H. Otto, James. Parker, Smith. Patterson, George.

Phillips, George. Plumb, Harvey N. Prentice, George S. Prentice, William M. Reeves, Samuel. Robinson, Charles A. Stedwell, Isaac E. Silver, Benjamin C. Silver, John. Skut, Ira. Smith, Marcus. Smith, Richard. Snyder, William A. Sours, Franklin. Sourwine, William B.

Sprague, Horace W. Stanclift, Edwin J. Strite, Gootlip. Tabor, George H. Taylor, Thomas B. Thomas, Edelbert. Thompson, Reuben S. Tripp, Edward M. Uhls, Frank. Welsh, Addison G. Wester, Benjamin C. Whittem, James H. Williams, John. Williamson, Alexander S, Wood, Francis.

COMPANY F.

Captain, Wilkinson W. Paige. 2d Lieutenant, William H, Whiting.

Sergeants. James Harrison {Isf). Hiram Frazer.

Edward S. Hawes {Q. M.). John Hopkins.

David Binkley. James M. Miller. Thomas Fleming.

Corporals.' Henry James. Ezra McMirick. Alfred Owen.

Henry L. Barker. David Fletcher.

John Barr. John Robinson.

Mathew Donnely, Bugler. Christian Whitener, Bugler. James Keams, Farrier,

James vCobb, Farrier. Eailie Collins, Saddler. .John M. Kilpatrick, Wagoner.

Arkins, Thomas. Astill, Anthony. Bichel, Anthony. Blyle, Jacob. Bartlam, Charles. Bradley, Edward. Bringle, Andrew. Burgess, William P. Burgher, Ralph. Burns, Robert. Calvin, Andrew. Chesbrough, S. Claflin, Lafavette.

Privates. Clarke, William H. Collins, Eleazar W. Conrad, John. Cooper, Charles. Dagman, Michael. Bay, Lawrence. Day, Nelson V. Devereux, Daniel T. Donner, Henry. Doyle, John. Finn, Charles. Fitts, James Franklin. Gallagher, John.

Griswold, Chester M. Handen, John. Hopkins, Robert. Howe, Arron. Hubell, George W. Jacobs, James. Kennedy, Thomas. Kuhner, Frederick. Lettice, James. Limberg, Herman. Lutler, Henry. McDonald, Charles. McDonald, Dennis.

10 HISTORY OF THE TENTH REGIMENT OF CxWALRY. 18G1

jyiclntire, Peter. McKnight, George M. McLaughlin, Owen M. McLelland, William A. Minotte, Charles. Muraford, Charles. Myers, James i.L Newmeyer, Clemence. Orser, Albert W. Patterson, William.

Peterson, William R. Pierce, Edward. Pletcher, Henry. Riddle, Stewart. Roundy, Charles. Schreoder, Christian. Shay, John A. Spicer, Franklin. Staley, John. Stottle, Franklin. Stuttleberg, James.

Townley, Thomas L. Troutman, Joseph. Vinter, Thomas. Volmer, George. Volmcr, Michael. Whitehead, OUver C. Wick, John, Wright, Dennison, Young, Jacob. Youngs, William.

COMPANY G.

Captain^ Delos Carpenter. Ist Lieutenantj Alrah D. Waters. 2d Lieutenant, John (t. Pierce.

Sergeants. John J. Van Tuyl ilsf). Wallace S. Springstein. Burton B. Porter {Q. M.). John T. McKevitt.

Seymour A. Hosford. James M. Reynolds.

Ira Cooper, Jr. Delos E. Landers. Hiram Reynolds.

Aaron K. Clark, Bugler.' Isaac Bradley," Bugler. James Morrison, Farrier.

Corporals. George Schenck. John R. Bennett. Luke Allen.

William W. Cameron. John T. Pratt.

William Welch, Farrier. Frederick Lewis, Saddler. Pulaski J. Vincent, \yagoner.

Adams, William, Jr. Albro, Arvin N. Austin, i\Linning. Bailey, Joseph M. Bailey, Lewis C. Barber, Henry C. Barnes, William S. Bennett, Jesse D. • Blakesley, Hubert. Bliss, James. Bloser, George. Bowers, Joseph L. Brown, William P. Burk, John. Car>', James L. Cavanaugh, Martin.

Privates. Compston, Charles P. Cornish, James M. Cronan, Timothy. Cutting, Charles S. Deniston, Harvey. De Wolf, Moses. Downs, Sanford. Dye, Edmund. Fairfield, John M. Fink, Edwin A. Griswold, George !M. Hable, Casper. Hawkins, Theodore. Heseldon, George. Hogoboom. Ebenezcr B. Hopkins, Charles.

Jessup, Winslow. Jiraerson, Isaac, Jr. King, Omera L. Kilts, Charles W. Kilts, Daniel. King, John B. King, Smith D. La Grange, Casper. Livingston, Gardiner, Locke, Charles A. Loomis, Vinson. Main, Milo A. McGuyer, Samuel. McLaughlin, Thomas. Meagher, Daniel. Menter, William.

MAJOR ALVAH D. WATERS.

1861

ROSTER OF COMPANIES.

11

Oothoudt, Philo G. Palmer, James. Pendleton, George S. Pier, Edwin. Pierce, Gideon B. Pullura, John R. Rice, Franklin. Robinson, Erastus B.

Schenck, Amasa D. Stearns, Charles H. Steel, Corneli^is. Stewart, John G. Story, Asa J. Sykes, Warren F. Thompson, John. Turk, Martin V. B.

Wade, Rowland D. Walker, Hiram P. Walker, Willard. Whedon, Oscar P. Whipple, Charles E. Williams, Jesse G. Wilson, George.

COMPANY H,

Captain^ William Peck. l8t Lieutenant, Francis G. Wynkoop. 2d Lieutenant, Ira W. Allen.

Sergeants, Charles E. Pratt {Ut). Benjamin W. Bonnell.

GeorgeVanderbilt((2.-3/'.). Guy Wynkoop.

Ephraim D. Warner. Albert S. Whittaker. Hiel Lockwood.

Corporals. Jonas Erway. Gideon C. Dudley. John H. Watkins.

Austin Ellsworth. John C. Reynolds.

Henry W. Kelly. Edward H. Hayden.

James P. Cowles, Bugler. William P. Lindsay, Bugler. Stephen Ellis, Farrier.

Chester G. Wilcox, Farrier. William Weygint, Saddler. Thomas Molineaux, Wagoner

Allen, Lorenzo. Barber, Elemuel. Bingham, George W. Bishop, Moses D. Bonnell, Lansing. Borland, Charles H. Borland, William. Brearley, Joseph H. Collins, Edward K. Cotton, Thomas B. Davis, William E. Earley, Samuel. Ellis, Willis S. Embree, Henry. Goldon, Charles D. Grimes, John H. Guthrie, William. Hammond, Edwin. Harrison, William N.

Privates. Hicks, John C. nines, Edward J. Howland, George W. Hubbell, David C. Hubbell, Harlow. Hunter, Henry T. Hunter, James D. Hutchings, James A. Hutchings, William. Jacobson, Henry S. Keiley, John. Kellogg, James. Kenyon, Wilkinson P. Kennedy, George M. Lee, Samuel. Lockwood, Emmet. Lowe, John F. Mallory, Silas. McCrcary, Julius.

Middaugh, John W. Miner, William. Munn, Theodore L. Minnick, Isaac H. Mix, Jasper. Newton, Gearge W. Norton, Billins. Odell, George W. Piatt, Daniel N. Potter, Amzah. Potter, William H. Reynolds, James S. Rose, Edward. Shedd, James B. Shelp, Myron H. Shipman, Rufus T. Shortt, Stacey. Skinner, James. Smith, Mahlon K.

12 HISTORY OF THE TENTH JiEGiMENT OP CAVALRY. .1861

Smitli, Stephen. Townsond, Alviii. Woller, William S.

Stebbins, Edmund. Van Wormor^Lnman. Welton, Michael.

Swain, Lewis. Vineont, Clayton, Wethcrall, James S.

Thompson, Abram J. AVarner, Elia<. WoodniiT, 0::;cnr.

Tittsworth, Simeon. ^ Weaver, Francis. Wright, George.

At a meeting of tlie line officers lield in the parlors of the Che- mung House, in Elniira, on the 2i;*th of November, the following field officers were elected :

Colonel John C. Lemmon.

Ideuienani-Colonel William Irvine.

Major First Battalion M. Henry Avery.

Major Second BaitaUon . . . . , John H. Kemper.

Chaplain . Rev. Robert Day.

Dr. E. W. Pease, of Syracuse, had nlready been ap^jointed surgeon of the regiment by the Governor of tlio State.

Clothing for the men arrived and vras issued on the 30th of ^NTo- Yember. The suits wore mostly of a generous size. Had the cloth been judiciously used there would liavti been sufficient in the suits to have clothed the entire regiment, but, as it was, some of the smaller fellows got suits so large that tliey rattled around in them, to the great amusement of tiieir comrades. However, tlie uniforms, like everything else, finally ])ccame adjusted.

A retired Prussian officer, Tiained I^ernstein, was employed by the ofiicers to drill the regiment. He ^^ as a vain old fellow, displaying a profusion of gold lace and temper — vanity and profanity. He had a large, subterranean voice, of coiir^idci able 'compass. He also had a conspicuous corporosity, and a gum-clastic step, that gave him quite a distinguished appearance, but as a diill-master he was a dismal failui-e.

Had the regiment been under the command and instruction of a regular army officer from the beginning — a good tactician and dis- ciplinarian— it would have been ol" great advantage. The material of which the regiment was compo^rcd was excellent. A large propor- tion of i\\Q men came from the rund sections in western and central New York, and were robust and intLlligent, well read and well bred. The average age of the enlisted jncn was below twenty-five years,* and more than forty per cent were t\venty-one years and under. An

* The average age of all the troops funii^licd by the State of New York dur- ing the war, as given by CajUain Phistorer, in " New York in the War of the Re- bellion," was twenty-five years, seven inonilii;, and twenty-six days.

%^

LIEUTENANT-COLONEL FREDERICK L. TREMALN,

Died of Wounds received in Action at Hatcher's Run, Va.,

Fcbruai^y 6, /S6_t;.

1861 THE MORGAN CAVALRY DISBANDED. 13

efficient and energetic young man with a thorough military education might have placed the regiment, in the front of the mounted regi- ments in the service in a short time. Although all were from civil life, the ofificers of the regiment made rapid strides in the knowledge necessary to lead and command men, and, with few exceptions, would compare favorably with any in the service.

Life in the barracks was somewhat monotonous, with its daily re- curring guard-mounts, drills, and saber-exercise, but there was an occasional relief in some little incident like the following :

It was on a cold, raw day — just such a day as a company could be exercised in the double-quick without starting the perspiration. The water in the canal basin bore a thin film of ice on its surface. Order- ly Sergeant Mitchell felt proud that his company were thoroughly disciplined. He had them out drilling, and had given the command to " double quick," with the column headed toward the basin, when his attention was suddenly attracted in the opposite direction ; the edge of the basin was reached, and no command came for a change of direction or halt. " Ker-plunk ! ker-plunk ! ker-plunk ! " went one after another of the men into the cold water, which was from two to three feet deep. The splashing attracted the sergeant's atten- tion, who, when excited, stuttered badly. " H-a-a-lt ! y-o-u f-e-1- lows in t-he di-ditch, c-c-coun-ter-march ! D — n it, b-o-ys, take h-hold and he-lp 'em o-out ! " Mitchell was always afterward attentive to duty when drilling his company.

General Alexander S. Diven received authority from the War De- partment on the 3d of October to raise a regiment of cavalry in the State of New York. This regiment was to be called the Morgan Cavalry, in honor of the Governor of the State. A recruiting office was opened in Elmira by Captain A. J. McWilliams. About thirty men, among the number Oscar Woodruff and Jonas Erway, had en- listed with one Captain Up de Graff, prior to this time. This com- pany having been disbanded- by General Van Valkenburg, many of the men enlisted with Captain McWilliams, of the Morgan Cavalry. George Vanderbilt, L. L. Barney, Jonas Erway, Oscar Woodruff, James Wetherell, James S. Keynolds, and John C. Reynolds, "all good men and true," as their subsequent records proved, were mem- bers of this latter company, which was soon filled up. As it became evident, however, that another regiment of cavalry could be raised only through the most extraordinary efforts at that time, the enter- prise was abandoned, and the company of Captain McWilliams was disbanded on the 18th of November. These men were nearly all

14 HISTORY OF THE TENTH REgImENT OF CAVALRY. 18G1

transferred to Company H, of the Porter Guards. Luther L. Barney, who was lieutenant in Captain McWilliams's company, was trans- ferred in the same grade to Company C ; while George Yanderbilt, who was to have been second lieutenant, was made quartermaster- sergeant of Company II.

By the advancement of Captain Avery, First Lieutenant Pratt was promoted to captain of Company A, and "William C. Potter, of Buffalo, was commissioned first lieutenant, and assigned as regimental adjutant on the 25th of November.

Fears were entertained that the regiment would be mustered out, or an attempt made to transfer it to another branch of the service, as the outcry against the further enrollment of men for the cavalry was quite pronounced. Every effort, therefore, was directed to the completion of the two battalions already organized, rather than jeop- ardize the life of the regiment by attempting to raise the third bat- talion. Drills, reviews, and parades were kept up, and the regiment was in a good state of efficiency and discipline before leaving the State. Its knowledge in the line of " picket skirmishing " was de- rived from actual experience, as will be seen by the following extract from the Elmira Advertiser of October 18, 1861 :

For the gratification and exercise of the men and for the entertainment of the citizens, Colonel Sheppard has arranged with Colonel Lemmon to detail tliree companies of the Porter Guard Cavalry for work, picket skirmishing on the hills east of the village during the forenoon. This will be a foretaste of active exer- cise different from anything heretofore ordered at the depot. They will be armed and equipped as infantry, and not mounted.

The "picket skirmishing" came off according to programme, Company C being one of those participating, led in person by the gallant Captain Ordner, of rotund form, who puffed and wheezed like a porpoise as he urged the men up the steep and rugged hillside. They presented a fine spectacle as, in unbroken line, they swept to the assault of an imaginary fort on the crest of the hill. But, in the supreme moment of his glory, the valiant captain of Company C fell! As he rolled down the hillside he scattered the leaves and choice bits of broken English, to the dismay of his company and the amusement of his brother officers.

The regiment participated in a grand review and parade of all the troops at the Elmira depot, which occurred on the 28th of October. Its marching was superior to that of any other organization in the line.

The numerical designation of the regiment as the " Tenth Xew

18C1 MUSTERED INTO SERVIJE. 15

York Cavalry " was announced by the Adjutant- General of the State on the 12th of December. As the year was drawing to a close, the men began to exhibit signs of uneasiness. They longed for the change which was near at hand. " Eunning the guard " and dodging the patrol was about the only excitement or adventure to relieve the off-duty hours. The welcome news came, the latter part of December, that the regiment was ordered to Gettysburg. No one appeared to know or care much where Gettysburg was. Some of the Company A boys insisted that the village of Geddes, near Syracuse, was the place. Meantime the men, while speculating on the probable location, com- menced active preparations for a move. Trunks and valises were packed for a long journey. Letters were dispatched to the loved ones at home, announcing the intended invasion of Gettysburg. The little Bibles were carefully deposited in the inside vest-pockets as pro- tection against rebel bullets, pocket-knives were sharpened, and every preparation made for actual war. Meantime the location of Gettys- burg had been discovered. It was- a relief to know that it was in loyal old Pennsylvania. The men felt quite brave, and began clamor- ing for an advance. They had been drilled for months, dismounted, and they welcomed a mounted movement — even if it was to be on freight-cars — as an agreeable change !

Companies B, C, D, E, F, G, and II were mustered into service on the 23d of December (Company A had been mustered in on the 27th of September), and the regiment was in readiness to leave the rendez- vous. The next evening, Tuesday, the 24th of December, they were marched through the mud to the depot, where the seven hundred and thirty-five enlisted men and thirty officers were squeezed into two long trains of freight-cars. The arrival or departure of a regi- ment of soldiers had ceased to be a novelty to the citizens, and there were no demonstrations, and but few were in attendance to " see the boys off." The amount of personal baggage with which the men struggled would have made a corps of newly-arrived Italian emigrants envious. But it was all taken care of at the cost of a few hours' delay and some highly-perfumed language, and the column moved out on the raid to Gettysburg. The night was damp and gloomy without, but all was cheerful witliin. Singing and shoutiiig drowned any sigh that might have escaped from those who tliought of distant homes and friends. It was Christmas-eve. But little sleep was enjoyed. Every extravagance that ingenuity could conjure up was indulged in, to keep the fun going. But before the objective point was reached, the high tension to which the nerves of the boys had been

M

16 HISTORY OP THE TENTH REGIMENT OF CAVALRY. 1861

strung yielded to Nature's demands, and they were in nearly as played- out a condition as when, on the. return from the Stoneman raid, in after-days, some of these same men fell from their horses from sheer exhaustion.

The journey ended when the trains pulled into the little depot at Gettysburg on Christmas-night, having been more than twenty-four hours on the road, the distance of which should have been covered in eight or ten hours.

The following is a complete roster of the Field, StafE and Non- commissioned Staff, and Band, on leaving Elmira :

FIELD AND STAFF,

Colonel^ John C. Lemmon, lAeut&iiant-Colonely William Irvine. MajoTj M. Henry Aveiy (1st Bat.). Major, John H. Kemper (2d Bat.).

William C. Potter, Acting Regt. Adj. Benj. F. Sceva, Acting Q. 31. 1st Bat. James F. Fitts, Adjutant 1st Bat. Luther L. Barney, Acting Q. M. 2d Bat,

Wm. L. Lemmon, Adjutant 2d Bat. Roger W. Pease, Surgeon. Henry Field, Acting Regt. Q. 31. George D. Whedon, Asst. Surgeon.

Rev. Robert Day, Chaplain. .» * .

N0N-C03I3IISSI0NED STAFF.

Noble D. Preston, Sergt.-3Iajor 1st Bat. M. R. Woodruff, Com. Sergt. 1st Bat.

Fred'k L. Webb, Sergt.-3Iajor 2d Bat. Oscar P. Whedon, Com. Sergt. 2d Bat.

Walter Kempster, IIosp. SVd 1st Bat. Jos. T. Griffin, Saddler Sergt. 1st Bat.

Bonville Fuller, Hosp. SVd 2d Bat. Thomas Bairy, Saddler Sergt. 2d Bat.

John B. King, Q. 3I.-Sergt. 1st Bat. Jas. P. Dickinson, Vet. Sergt. 1st Bat.

Henry E. Hayes, Q. 3I.-SergL 2d Bat. Alvain Butler, Vet. Sergt. 2d Bat.

The following constituted the band :

Edwin Pier, Company G, leader. Chester M. Griswold, Company F, 2d Eb comet. Isaac Jimerson, Jr., Company G, Bh cornet. Aaron K. Clark, Company G, 1st Eb tenor. ' J. B. Shedd, Company H, 2d Eb tenor.

W. H. Clark, Company F, 1st Bb tenor. Thomas L. Townley, Company F, Eb tuba. Albert W. Orser, Company F, snare-drum. Oscar W. Drake, Company B, bass-drum. Smith D. King, Company G, cymbals.

Sergea nt- Major.

Setgea n t- Major.

Q.M. sergeant.

Com'w Setz^atJt.

LlLJ—A^

<?. A/. Sergeant.

OoCAf^ P. Wl-ISDON,

C<3>«'^'. Sergeant.

Saddler Sergeanl.

Saddler Se'geaut.

ADDISON COL=,

C// />/" Bugler.

NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF- lSOl-2.

1861 FIRST DRESS-PARADE. 17

A few determined citizens of the town remained to welcome the Eegiment as the train pulled int© the depot at Gettysburg that Christmas-night, 18G1. There was but little enthusiasm or noise ; the boys were too tired and hungry, on their part, and the good peo- ple were too conservative, for anything of the kind. But their quiet demeanor and modest ways, served to bring out in strong contrast a generosity and hospitality which have always remained a pleasant theme with the men of the Regiment who were quartered among them during the winter of 1SG1-'G2. The ladies had provided refreshments for the men, and had awaited their arrival with puddings, pies, and patience, until the lateness of the hour — far beyond the time of their usual retiring — induced them to return to their homes, taking the provisions with them. This was the regiment's first " provision re- turn." It was found necessary to keep the boys in the cars all night, as no quarters had been provided, and the lateness of the hour pre- vented their being obtained. It was difficult sleeping on empty stomachs and car-seats, but the boys managed to worry through the long-drawn-out hours and came forth with the rising sun, showing a remarkable degree of freshness. Many of them had managed to elude the guards the night before, and found comfort and welcome in the homes of the citizens. The morning roll-call disclosed a great many " absent without leave." As soon as it was light enough the men started out on the morning of the 20th to discover the town. Squads of them could be seen in every direction, surveying the buildings with all the deliberation of assessors, and many of them evinced a desire to take a view of tlie interiors. The borough had been pretty well sized up before the inhabitants had left their beds.

It was decided to hold a morning dress-parade, and, responsive to the bugle-calls and the inspiring music by the band, many of the citi- zens hastened to tlie public square, where the various companies marched and took their allotted places in line. After the adjutant had announced the formation. Colonel Lemmon commanded, " Atten- tion, battalion!" dwelling lovingly on the last syllable of the first word, and giving to the latter a sharp, full-grown emphasis, that caused the wondering people to surmise that the " battalion " was about to be reprimanded for some cause. Finally, the " dress-parade " was ended, the band continuing to play, to tlie delight of the citizens, the troops, meantime, marching off.

The people had turned out in large numbers to do honor to the occasion and to quietly absorb a little of the glory eii passant. They had never before seen a militarv organization larger than a company 2

18 HISTORY OF THE TENTH REGIMENT OP CAVALRY. 1861

within the borough limits. The presence of a whole regiment of real soldiers was an event of great importance to them ; and it was, prob- ably, an event of no less importance to the soldiers to be looked upon with so much awe and admiration.

After the dress-parade had been dismissed, the officers tramped the surrounding country over in search of a suitable place for locating the regimental camp. It was finally decided to build the canvas city on the farm of Dr. David Shafer, near the railroad bridge over Eock Creek, just east of the village. In the mean time the soldiers had " deployed as skirmishers " through the town, and, like the missiles from Orpheus C. Kerr's patent cannon, went in every direction. During the day temporary quarters had been secured for the various companies, as follows :

Company A in the old Lecture-room, near the jail. Company B in the Coach-shop in Middle Street. Company C in the Court-House.

Company D in Sheads & BuehlerVWarehouse, second story. Company E in Blue's Hall, Sheads & Buehler's building. Company F in the Public School Building. Company G in the Ten-pin Alley. Company H in McConaughey's Hall.

The Non-Commissioned Staff were located in a brick building on Carlisle Street, above the "Washington Hotel.

The Hospital was established in a brick building on Carlisle Street, between the rooms occupied by the Non-Commissioned Staff and the Washington Hotel. Dr. R. W. Pense, Regimental Surgeon, was in charge, with an excellent aide in Assistant Surgeon George D. Whedon.

Quartermaster Field fixed upon the corner room in the Franklin House (McClellan's) as a suitable place for the transaction of the business of his department. From this sightly position Quartermas- ter-Sergeant Hayes could look out upon the " broad expanse " of the public square, and take in at a glance nearly everything of interest transpiring in the town.

The band practiced " Larry O'Gaff," the " Gettysburg Quickstep," and other favorite airs, in a room on the second floor of the railroad station-house.

Hector M. Stocum, the sutler, exposed his wares for sale in a room on Chambersburg Street, adjoining Buehler's drug-store.

The Eagle Hotel (Tate's) was enlivened by the presence of the officers of the Regiment at all times when off duty.

1801 ADDRESS OF COLONEL LEMMON TO THE CITIZENS. 19

The following address to the citizens was issued and published in the village papers :

Head(Juarters Porter Guard Cavalry, New York Volunteers,

Gettysbubo, December 26, 1861. To THE Citizens generally :

The Tenth Ke^iment of Cavalry, New York Volunteers, has become located in your village, under direction of the Secretary of War, preparatory to encamp- ing in your neighborhood. As commandant of this corps, the sole object of which is to assist in the suppression of an unholy and fratricidal rebellion, it is my earnest desire that its relations with you should be firmly established upon a friendly footing, and to this end I would request that any and all breaches of good order in your midst by any person connected with the Regiment be promptly reported to me. I have also to particularly request of dealers in ardent spirits that they will not, under any circumstances, sell or furnish to the non-commis- sioned officers and privates any intoxicating or spirituous beverage. All good citizens and patriots are earnestly invited to join with me in preserving the sobriety and morality of the Regiment, as essentially conducive to decency and order, and as the means whereby a desirable harmony may be insured between us.

By order of ^ John C. Lemmox, Colonel Commanding Regiment, James Franklin Fitts, Adjutant First Battalion.

The following order was read by Adjutant Fitts, at dress-parade, on Friday, January 3d :

Headquarters Tenth Regiment Cavalry,

New Y'ork Volunteers, Porter Guards,

Gettysbubo, December 28, 1801. General Order No. 20 :

The Commandant desires to remind the soldiers that they are now located within forty miles of the camps of their enemies,' and that, in view of this fact, strict military discipline and subordination are more than ever necessary. The health and comfort of the regiment will be scrupulously cared for by its officers, and measures are now being taken to provide for the accommodation of the men in one general encampment, or barracks, as shall be thought best. Until such time as the Regiment can be assembled together in regimental quarters, the several companies are enjoined to the observance of good order and discipline, and promptness in the discharge of duty. No soldier will so far forget what is due to the citizens and friends who have so hospitably received and welcomed us as to abuse them by taking and converting any of their property, or by disorderly or boisterous conduct. Violations of these regulations will be met by severe punishment.

Reveille will be sounded, until further orders, at 6.30 o'clock ; breakfast-call at 7.30; assembly of guards at 9; drill-call at 9.15; dinner-call at 12.1o; sick-call at 1.15 : retreat at 5 ; tattoo at 9 ; taps 9.30. Dress-parade at 4.30 p. m.

By order of

John C. Lemmon, Colonel Commanding,

James Franklin Fitts, Acting Adjutant

20 HISTORY OF THE TENTH REGIMENT OF CAVALRY. 1803

Tents had been erected on the ground selected for camp, but, the number proving inadequate to the tlDmand, it was decided to send a delegation of officers to Washington to lay before the Secretary of War the advisability of providing barracks for the llegiment.

An event that cast a gloom over the entire Regiment occurred on Saturday, December 28th. Private John W. Congdon, of Company A, who had remained in Elmira sick when the Eegiment left that place, was on his way to rejoin his company. As the train he was on passed the camp, he stepped upon the platform of the car, and was swinging his hat in joyful recognition of his comrades, when his head came in contact with the timbers of the bridge over Rock Creek, and he fell from the cars and through the bridge into the creek. When the men who ran to his assistance reached him he was dead. He was a man of a kind and gentle disposition, and was much esteemed by his associates. His funeral occurred on Sunday — the day following his death — the entire Regiment turning out. The funeral ceremonies were attended by the citizens generally. The Chaplain, Rev. Robert Day, pronounced the services, which were simple but impressive, and the remains were laid to rest in Evergreen Cemetery — the first Union soldier buried there. Eighteen months later, over the spot where he was peacefully sleeping, the Federal batteries belched forth death and destruction, and the graves were ruthlessly torn by shot and shell, and trodden by infuriated men and horses in one of the most desperate conflicts known to history.

The first review of the Regiment took place on Tuesday, the 31st of December. It was an event of considerable importance. The men acquitted themselves very creditably, and the whole atfair was a pronounced success. The marching was very fine, and elicited ap- plause from many of the fair critics who had assembled to witness the display.

Lieutenant-Colonel Irvine and Quartermaster Field, accompanied by Hon. Edward ^IcPherson, left for Washington, on Wednesday morning, January 1st, to urge the erection of barracks for the Regi- ment.

One of the attractions for Xew Year's was a sham prize-fight between John A. Shay, of Company F (Savers), and Godfrey Farren, of Company C (Ileenan), on the public square. The men had ex- perienced as much difficulty in getting together as professors of the manly art have in more modern times. Once or twice meetings arranged for the purpose had been dispersed or prevented by the timely arrival of tlie guard sent by the Colonel, but they had finally

1862 BARRACKS ORDERED BUILT. 21

succeeded in giving an exhibition before a large number of enthusi- astic spectators. At length Adjiitant Fitts arrived, and, usurping the office of referee, stepped into the ring and declared the thing a draw, and ordered the men to their quarters.

From the time of the organization of the Regiment there had pre- vailed an unfortunate difference among the officers, which had grown apace with the times, until it had ripened into the most intense partisan warfare, the factions being known as " Lemmon " and " Anti- Lemmon " men ; the declared purpose of the latter being to oust Lemmon from his position as colonel, alleging incompetency and old age, rendering him unfit for the place ; while the Colonel, generally on the defensive, sometimes took the offensive. This is not the proper place to discuss or mention the merits or demerits of either party, but simply to notice the fact and its baneful influence on the Regiment. Not only did many of the enlisted men range themselves with the contending factions, but numbers of the citizens were un- consciously drawn into the unfortunate quarrel. Confined to the officers, the effect of such a state of affairs would have been sufficiently demoralizing to seriously impair the efficiency and morale of an organization ; but when participated in by the enlisted men and citizens among whom the officers and men moved, it became posi- tively vicious in its tendency. It stands as a monument to the high character of the men in the Regiment that they did not become seri- ously demoralized.

Quartermaster Field received the regimental flag, storm flag, and guidons, together with boots, blankets, etc., for the men, on Saturday, January 5th, and issued them immediately.

The officers deputed to visit the Secretary of War, at Washing- ton, returned on the Gth of January, -with authority to have barracks erected. The site selected was on the farm, of Mr. George Wolff, about one mile east of the village, on the south side of the York road. The location was on high ground, insuring good drainage and pure air. Adjoining the place decided on for erecting the barracks was a fine wood, and in the rear a broad, open field, well suited for mananivring the Regiment. A detail of eight men from each company was made every day to work on the buildings, the lumber and nuiterial for w^liich was furnished by dealers in town.

The inclement weather had prevented continued work on the barracks, and as a consequence the companies remained in their " temporary " quarters in town, until Monday, February 3d, when a

22 HISTORY OF THE TENTH REODiENT OP CAVALRY. 1862

sufficient number of the buildings were completed to admit of four companies moving in. '

An event of great interest to the Eegiment and the citizens oc- curred on Saturday, the 1st of Februar}-. After many delays and postponements the presentation of a silk baiiucr to the Regiment, the gift of Miss Elizabeth Poi'ter, of [N^iagara Falls, took j^lace on that day. The affair had been well advertised, and an extra train of cars was run from Hanover. The presentation speech was made by Adju- tant Fitts, and the flag was accepted by Lieutenant-Colonel Irvine on behalf of the Iicgiment, in an appropriate address, Colonel Lemmon having been suddenly called to Washington. Tiie speeches are too lengthy to admit of reproduction here.

The ladies of Hanover forwarded frequcTit donations of clothing and delicacies to our sick, and gave the " Union Relief Association of Gettysburg " much valuable assistance. ]\rrs. R. G. Harper, Pres- ident of the Gettysburg Relief Association, and Mrs. Jerome Young, President of the Hanover Association, worked harmoniously and efficiently for the relief of our sick in hospital.

The brilliant Union victory at Roanoke Island was celebrated by a grand parade, music by the band, and burning of powder, on Saturday, February 15th.

The anniversary of the birthday of the immortal Washington made a further draft on the large stock of patriotism always kept on hand by the Regiment. The memory of the Father of his Country was duly polished up by parade and serenade, promenade and lemon- ade, firing of cannon, and speech-making. ■ The band had just re- ceived new instruments, and used them for the first time on this occasion. A company of home-guard cavalry came straggling into town to join the Regiment in celebrating the day. The uniforms worn by this peculiar cavalry company were unique, combining ap- parently the ancient, medlirval, renaissance, and Comanche. And such style of horsemansliip ! It was low down and away up with every step the horse made wlien trotting. The brief sojourn of these valiant knights in town furnished an abundance of amusement.

There were frequent social gatherings in the village during the stay of the Regiment, and the soldiers always constituted a good part of the attendance. Few, if any, doors in tlie village were closed to the Porter Guards. The names of Harper, Gulp, Falmcstock, Shick and Shead, ]\IcPherson ami ]\lcConaugheY, ^[cllhenny and McCuUy, Tyson and Tate, AYills and Woltf, Kendlehart and Codori, Shafer and Shriver, Ziogler, and liosts of others, will ever be pleasantly asso-

SURGEON ROGER W. PEASE.

1862 CARD FROxM SURGEON PEASE. 23

ciated with the name of Gettysburg by those of the Regiment who passed the winter of 18Gl-'62 in the village.

Serenades by the band were of frequent occurrence, and were greatly enjoyed by the citizens.

Early in March rumors were circulated of a change of location for the Eegiment, and it was no surprise that came on the 6th of March, to be prepared to move the next day. The cars were in readiness, and immediate preparations were made for leaving our brevet home. By noon on Friday, the 7th, all arrangements had been perfected, and the two long trains bearing the Porter Guards steamed away, amid loving adieus, and waving of handkerchiefs. The Sentinel, in mentioning the departure of the Eegiment, said :

The large number of our citizens who assembled to " see them off " must have shown to the Tenth Regiment that their presence among us had not been an un- pleasant one ; and we think we utter an almost universal sentiment, that their departure was regretted. For ourselves, our intercourse with those of the officers and men with whom we were placed in familiar and almost daily sociality, and of their pleasant and lady-like companions in life, has been one of the most agree- able character, and we need not say we parted from them with regret. . . .

"We shall follow the Porter Guards as they go onward. They have Our wishes for a speedy and honorable service, and trust they will look back with kind re- membrance to the pleasant intercourse they had with us.

These kind words were in consonance with those which appeared in the Star, a few days after the arrival of the Eegiment in the vil- lage, the following being a brief extract :

This much we can say for the Porter Guards, that we have not seen anywhere in our experience a finer-looking regiment — a regiment, generally speaking, com- posed of men more gentlemanly in their deportment, more intelligent and better behaved, and we profess to have seen no inconsiderable numbers since the out- break of the rebellion.

The following card was published in the village papers :

Gettysburo, March 7, 1862. On leaving Gettysburg I desire to return most grateful acknowledgment for the unremitting kindness and sympathy manifested by its inhabitants toward our sick and suffering soldiers. The ladies have been most faithful visitants at our hospital, supplying each want and administering to every need. Gentle hands, prompted by warm hearts, have been found ready to respond to oft-repeated calls. And as we go forward, doing what we may in behalf of our beloved country, we shall hold in grateful remembrance the unnumbered favors of which we have been the recipients.

R. W. Pease, Surgeon Tenth Hegiment New York Cavalry,

24: HISTORY OF THE TENTH REGIMENT OF CAVALllV. 18G2

The Hon. Edward McPhersoii rendered the Iicgiment excellent service while it was in Gettysburg. To his interest and influcDce the Regiment was indebted for its barracks.

There has long been an unanswered question, how the Begiment came to be sent to Gettysburg in 1861. The following letter, ad- dressed to the historian, will explain this :

Clerk's Office, House of Representatives,

"Washikgton, January 25, 1800.

My Dear Sir : I have yours of 23d. I received from the Secretary of War the assignment of Gettysburg as the place of rendezvous for the Porter Guards in the winter of 1861-'G2. 1 was then Representative in Congress for that distiict ; and as the United States authorities were seeking proper sites at that time for camps for drill purposes, I represented the accessibility, convenience, and other advantages of Gettysburg. The Hon. Simon Cameron was the Secretary of War, and granted my application.

I was in Gettysburg on their arrival, and made the personal acquaintance of many of the officers and men of the Regiment. The Lieutciuint-Colonel, William Irvine, had served with me in the preceding (Thirty-sixth) Congress. But I was absent from Gettysburg during the larger part of their stay.

Very respectfully yours,

Edward l\IcPnEKSON.

18G3

THE JOURNEY TO PERRYVILLE.

25

CHAPTER II.

PERRYVILLE, HAVRE DE GRACE, BALTOIORE, WASHIXGTOX.

LOW and tedious was the journey from Gettys- burg to Baltimore. It was nine o'clock when the Monumental City was reached. Nearly the entire night was consumed in transfer- ring the baggage and camp and garrison equipage to the President Street Depot, whore the boys were enabled to catch a little '^ sleep in the cars. After considerable switch- ing and thumping y about, changing of cars, etc., the trains finally started out, and the Regiment was whirled away toward Perry- ville, Md., over the P., AY. & B. Railroad, leaving Baltimore early in the morning, arriving at its destination about 9 A. 31.

At Perryville comfortable quarters were in waiting in the bar- racks but recently vacated by the Fourteenth United States Infantry. Perryville, at the time of the arrival of the Regiment, was a densely populated town of mud, mules, and mulattoes, of which the mud was the only permanent fixture. That stuck through all time. The mules were there for instruction and muster into service. They were confined in a stockade covering several acres. A corps of negroes were in attendance to drill them, " break 'em in," as they expressed it, which consisted in liarnessing and hitching them to heavy wagons and turning them loose in the mud. After proper instruction in the art of " drawing," they were branded " U. S." on the shoulder with good, serviceable Gotliic letters. This constituted a mule's muster into service.

Perryville had been an important point in the early days of the rebellion. On assuming command of the troops in and around Wash- ington, General McCIellan says in his report :

I directed a large depot for transportation to be established at Perryville, on the left bank of the Siis(iuehanna, a point equally accessible by rail and water.

26 HISTORY OF THE TENTH REGL^IENT OF CAYALKY. 1SG2

Captain C. G. Sawtelle, Assistant Quartermaster, was detailed to organize the camp.

Captain Sawtelle was in charge of the depot at tlio time the Tenth was there. Tlie importance of tlie depot Ava.-: not great, however, at that time. The Ira Harris Cayalry was also en- camped at Perry ville, like the Tenth, awaiting horses and eqnip- ments.

The feeling of discontent among the enlisted men of the Regi- ment, which had been growing in consequence of I icing withheld from active service, became more manifest after reaching Perry ville. The sentiments entertained were not displayed by boisioroiis talk or threatening acts, but a quiet and firm resolve was made by a large majority of the men to endeavor in some manner to cany out the purposes for which they enlisted, and it was thought that the best way to reach that object was to petition the Secretary of War to have the Regiment mounted and sent into the field or disbanded. The partisan feeling in the Regiment at this time was running liigh, and no doubt contributed not a little to the disaffection among the en- listed men.

On the 2Gth of March the command was moved across the river to Havre de Grace, relieving the Scott Lite Guard, Fourth Xew York Volunteers. Here were comfortable barracks and good drill-grounds located on the banks of Chesapeake Bay. The First Battalion, under Major Avery, was assigned to duty guarding the important bridges of the P., W. & B. Railroad between Havre de Grace and Baltimore. Company F was located at Perrymans, Company G at Gunpowder Bridge, Company C at Bush River Bridge, and Co]n])any A, with whom Major Avery established headquarters, at Back River Bridge, near Baltimore. The companies at Havre de Grace guarded the large ferry-boat Maryland, used in transporting the ears across the river at that point. This historic old craft had played an important part in the early days of the war. On the '>?Oth of April, 18G1, the day following the Baltimore riot, General Butler arrived at Perry- ville with nearly eight hundred Massacliusetts troops oi route for Washington, and, finding the bridges between that place and Balti- more had been burned, embarked his troops on this steamer and took them to Annapolis.

While lying at Havre de Grace, a petition bearing tlie signatures of a large number of the enlisted men of the Regiment was for- warded to the Secretary of War, praying that the Regiment might bo mounted and sent into the field or disbanded. About this time Ser-

/^

%

\

i-.

^: .

>^-^', ^

% ' ^

\

"■•/I

i

X-

\

/

^

^ /

■■■/

MAJOR JAMES M. REYNOLDS.

1862 MUSKETS STORED. 27

geant Frank Place, of Company B, received a furlough, and while home, in Cortland, X. Y., recruited a sufficient number of men for an infantry organization then being raised to entitle him to a com- mission, thereby securing his honorable discharge from our Eegiment. lie was a popular young man, of marked ability, whose loss was much regretted.

Rumors had been in circulation among the men that an attempt was to be made to transfer the Regiment to the infantry service, and this caused renewed excitement. Lieutenant-Colonel Irvine had ex- pressed the opinion that the men would have to take muskets for a while. The boys well knew that to take muskets for a while meant to retain them to the end, and they assumed and maintained a firm stand in opposition to taking them. The muskets were already stored in the various barracks at Havre de Grace and along the rail- road. They were a rusty lot of old-fashioned pieces, unsightly and unsafe. They would " hang fire " equal to a book agent aiid kick like a hungry mule. The fine canvas- back ducks would sometimes cause the boys to forget their vows not to use them ; but they gen- erally felt the full measure of punishment for breaking their prom- ises. Once, and only once, Avere they used by the boys as " imple- ments of war." This occurred at Back River on the -ith of April. On that day a Government detective appeared in the quiet camp of Company A, and asked to be shown to the commanding officer's quarters. He stated that a schooner was lying at anchor down the bay some three or four miles, on which Avere a large number of re- crLiits for the Confederate armies, which he thought might be capt- ured by prompt action. The story of the capture is best told by one of the participants, Corporal (afterward Captain) J. R White, of Company A. Here it is, verbatim :

In the summer of 1SG2 Company A Avas camped at Back River, Maryland, seven miles from Baltimore, guarding the railroad bridge. Our arms consisted of old rusty muskets, turned over to us by tlie Fourth Xew York Infantry (Scott Life Guards). A Government detective, or secret-service ofiicer, came to camp one day and informed the otlicer in command that a party of rebels had secretly left Baltimore, and crossing the river had seized a wood schooner about eight miles below our camp, on Back Kiver, confined the crew of the schooner below, and were awaiting an opportunity to sail out into the Chesapeake Bay, and cross over into Reboldom. Lieutenant T. 11. Weed, with eleven men, composed of sergeants, corporal.-, and privates, armed with the above-mentioned rusty mus- kets, with one cartridge in gun and one in pocket, started out to end tiie rebellion. We marched through the hot, deep sandy roads and woods near the banks of the river, until we were opposite the schooner. There were only two persons in sight.

28 HISTORY OF THE TEXTri REODIRXT OF CAVALRY. ISGO

the reraaindor hiding b.l' -.v. Tliciv were four skiiTs mooroJ to the side of the river near us. Lieutenai.t ^Veod divided us up into four squads, and instructed us to pick our boats and n<iKc a run for theiu. \V(i obeyed orders; jumped into the boats, <\\\d pulled f ' r il.e h-'.iiuoner. J'ut the skills being so sluiUow, and this being our iii'st expcrior.e.j as marines, we v»'ould liit our knees with the oars, and turn the boats eompleii'y around at times. However, we "got there," after a while. The rcl)S had rnsi;:d up on deck, and liieutenant Weed ordered them to surrender. They start cI to give three cheers for J elf Davis and the Southern Confederacy, but; the elcvon old muskets c.niio up and they never finished the cheers. Tiiey tied their k;r've.^, revolvers, and letters in a large Confederate flag, and threw all overboard. They were ordered below, and the captain and mate of the schooner released. Whiic we were rowing to\^'ard the schooner three of their number escaped in a boat; to the opposite sliore. After capturing the schooner. Lieutenant Weed and four men started in pursuit, and on approaching the shore two boats, each manned by oii^ht marines (one boat having a, small howitzer in the bow), was rowed nipirlly toward them. The marines ordered our boys to *Mieave-to," but they didii't liuavo. So the marines fired a shot across their bow. The boys heaved! After an explanation, some of the marines joined in the search. 1 have forgotten \vherher the three rebs were captured, but I think they were.

It seems tlie Baltimore ofTicers had also notified the commandant of Fort McHenry, and that ofSeer had sent the revenue cutter Reliance up to the mouth of Back River to capture them as they came out. Two boats' crews were sent up the river to ma!:e the capture; but wo, being '"horse-marines," and experts in the "dough-boy " business, got there first. Upon examination of our prize, we found we had twenty-two men, one of them a Confederate lieutenant, wearing a new gray uniform under his dross of citizen's clothing. He had been recruiting in Baltimore. About two hours after the capture we saw a horse and carriage come down to the river's edge, and, fastening the horse to a tree, the driver made signs to us. We answered the si.-ns by sending three or four men to meet 1dm. When they neared the shore, he discoNered that iliey were Yanks, and he lit out through the woods. Well, that c,!r?'i;i ro contained -i bountiful supply of sweet, boiled hams, soda-craekers, etc., ;iitunii*:(I for the rei'S, We confiscated the eatables, and the secret-service men took the horse and cirriage to Baltimore. We stood around the hatchway eatini: t)ie good things, to the discomfort of the picnic party they were intended for. r.al\ there l.-eing an ivbuiidiiuee, we gave thorn a portion after enjoying their chagrin tor a while. A calm prevailmg, the crew could not sail under canvas, so tho olV.r.r ni comns;ind of the marines manned the boat again and h;id them tow ih'; sc;hooner. It was now about midnight; near morn- ing there sprang up a good, still breeze, and v.'e set sail, and made the bay about daylight. The oilicer in eommai.d oC the lu'lianee came on board, and we started for Fort .McIIenry. The Yrvonm cutter cotild not keep in sight of us. Arriving at the fort we turned ovc]- the prisoners, and )iad breakfast theiv. after which we marched to G^'neral Wo .is l;(\:i'}4uarters jiiul wore complimcritfd by the old veteran. Nov,-, if we tw»'Ive lo.n didn't think the ivb;dlion would end right there, it wasn't because we hadii'i done our duty toward crushing it ! We took train for Back River, and on our arrival found Company A formed in ojxm ranks, facing in. to iveoive us, ;r..d K\\ Turner an-l Jriuies Cook (Joe Cook, the Irish

1862 LIEUTENANT WEED'S ACCOUNTS. 29

bugler) played and sung " See the conquering heroes come ! " The name of the captured schooner was Resolution.

Lieutenant (afterward Major) Weed writing of the capture, says :

After we got to the schooner, and wliilo we were boarding her, the rebels all rushed down the hatchway, and all we had to do was to clap the cover over to pen them. I then took four men and followed three, who were going for an isla!id. Tv.-o boats, containing eight men each, put out from the revenue cutter Reliance, which had been sent up from Baltimore, and intercepted us, and made us heave-to. One boat's crew landed, and I got into the other boat with Lieu- tenant Thompson, of the revenue cutter, and went to the opposite side of the island (Lieutenant Thompson was well acquainted with the country around there). We caught the three chaps, one of whom proved to be a captain and another a lieutenant, as we found the next morning, when we searched them, each wearing a fine uniform of gray beneath their citizen's dress.

I went on board the revenue cutter on the morning of the 5th, and took break- fast with Lieutenant Thompson and the Captain, whose name I have forgotten. I was royally entertained. 1 shall never forget the passage from the schooner to the cutter. The waves ran from twenty to thirty feet high, and I in a gig, which seemed so small! Well, I made up my mind I had done my last soldier- ing, but 1 finally reached the cutter without mishap.

Major Avery and Captain Pratt finally left camp and proceeded to the scene of operations, but arrived after the capture had taken place.

Fishing and flirting occupied much of the time of the hoys at Havre de Grace. The shad were plenty and the girls pretty; but even these considerations failed to produce contentment. The men appeared to prefer raiding to guarding, fighting to fishing, field- service to the e)i)iui of camp-life on the Chesapeake, and so it was welcome news that came, about the middle of June, that the Regi- ment would soon be relieved and transferred to Virginia. In appar- ent confirmation of this, pistols and carbines were received and issued on the 19th of June.

A pass from the "Colonel commanding^' was sufficient to insure free transit on the railroad between Havre de Grace and Baltimore, and the privilege was taken advantage of by the boys, to their great enjoyment. The capacity of the road was taxed to its utmost in transporting troops and material southward during the time the Regiment was guarding it. As the long trains laden witli troops pa.-'sed the camps, cheers and salutations of good-will were given the soldiers by our boys, who would gather on tlie banks as tlie cars passed by, and tlie response woidd roll along from front to rear of the long trains, ending witli tlie never-forgotten tiger. The express-

30 HISTORY OF THE TENTH KEGIxMENT OF CAVALRY. 18G2

trains usually contained some people who thought of the soldier when making arrangements for the trip, as there would issue from the open windows of the ilying cars packages containing such trinkets as were calculated to supply the imaginary wants of the soldier, together with fruit, newspapers, etc. As tlie trains would whirl past, followed by a cloud of dust, the boys w^ould scamper for the testimonials of loyalty and regard.

On the 25th of June orders were received for that portion of the Regiment stationed at Havre de Grace to i^roceed to Baltimore. Everything w^as put in readiness and the detachment left about noon. On arriving in Baltimore the companies were reviewed by General Wool, commanding the Eighth Army Corps, after wliich they were assigned to Patterson Park, at the eastern end of the city, where they went into camp. Companies A, C, and G remained on duty, guard- ing the bridges of the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Rail- road, between Baltimore and Bush River.

Immediately following the riot in Baltimore, April 19, 1861, a party, headed by I. R. Trimble, one of the officers of the railroad, and at the time Assistant Marshal of Baltimore, proceeded over the road with car-loads of combustible material, for the pui-pose of destroying these bridges. They w*ere successful in causing a partial destruction of them, thus preventing the passage of trains bearing Union troops to the defense of the national capital.* The bridges were soon after rebuilt, but their destruction was " a consummation devoutly to be wished" by the secessionists, and it required "eternal vigilance " to prevent their being burned again. Even as late as July 11, 1864, two years after the Tenth was relieved from guarding them. Colonel Harry Gilmor, with the First and Second Battalions of Maryland (Confederate) Cavalry, made a dash and attempted the de- struction of Gunpowder Bridge, but was driven off by the guard stationed there, aided by a gunboat.

Company G was occupying the position of greatest trust, protect- ing the long bridge just named. The next most important bridge, for whose safety the Regiment was held responsible, was one over Bush River, guarded by Company C. The Back River Bridge, while not of so great length as either of tlic others named, by reason of its near proximity to Baltimore — six miles — rendered a keen vigil neces- sary to prevent its destruction by secessionists, who might make a

* Trimble afterward entered the Confederate service, was made a major-gen- eral, and lost a leg at Gettysburg.

NEW QUARTERS AT PATTERSON PARK. 31

sudden raid from tlie city. This vras guarded by Company A. The duties were not so onerous or important, however, as to prevent the boys making the acquaintance of the surrounding inhabitants and partaking of their hospitality.

The new quarters of the Regiment, Patterson Park, was a beauti- ful place. Before its occupation by the Tenth it had been used for a like purpose by a small infantry command. The park was located on high ground at the eastern end of Baltimore and Lombard Streets. It commanded a fine view of the bay, and Fort Marshall to the east and Forts McIIonry and Federal Hill to the south. Through the park was a line of earthworks, grass-covered, but perfect as the day on which they were thrown up. They were erected by the Ameri- cans, at the time of the landing of the British under General Ross, at Long Point, and used in the defense of the city when the advance of the British army was made in support of their fleet during the bom- bardment of Fort McHenry, September 15, 1814.

Adjoining the park, on the north, was the extensive Patterson Park Hospital, organized by Surgeon R. W. Pease, who was detached from the Tenth for that purpose, and was promoted to surgeon-in- charge on its completion. It had a capacity for twelve hundred patients, and ranked with the best hospitals in the country.

Dress-parades, police and camp-guard duties were the only exer- cises the Regiment was called upon to perform to stimulate digestion while stationed here. Large numbers of ladies were always attracted by the dress-parades, which were held in the street in front of the park.

The Third New York Volunteers were stationed at Fort McTIenry, the Fifth 'New York (Duryea's Zouaves) at Fort Federal Hill, and Reynolds's Independent New York Battery at Stuart Place, at the opposite end of Baltimore Street. The cam.ps of these organizations were daily visited by some of the members of the Tenth. The drill of the Light Battery and the bayonet-exercise of the Fifth New York Volunteers were especially attractive. The latter regiment was a large one, and made a very showy appearance in tlieir bright Zouave uniforms. They were commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Gouverneur K. Warren, afterward major-general of volunteers and commander of the Fifth Army Corps. Tliere were other otlicers of this regiment that attained high positions in the army, and some of them lent luster to the mounted arm of the service. The Major of the Regiment was J. Mansfield Davies, afterward Colonel of the Harris Light Cavalry. Judson Kilpatrick and Henry E. Davies, Jr., the former our first and

32 HISTORY OF THE TENTH REGIMENT OF CAVALRY. 18G2

the latter our last brigade commander, who both rose to major-gen- erals of volunteers, were captains in this regiment.

On a requisition bearing date July 17, 1802, a portion of the Regiment received horses at Patterson Park in August, and on the 15th of the latter month marched for AVashington in the afternoon, mounted, where the}^ arrived at midnight and went into camp near Bladensburg Toll-gate, just east of the Capitol.

Companies A, C, and G, on being relieved from guarding the P., W. & B. Railroad by the Nineteenth New York ]\Iilitia, went direct to Washington, arriving at one o'clock in the morning, Saturday, the ICtli of August. They were quartered in the Soldiers' Retreat, where they had breakfast, and then marched to the camp. Here the Regi- ment became reunited on ground made historic as the battle-field be- tween the British forces under Admiral Cockburn and General Ross and the Americans under Generals Winder and Brown and Commo- dore Barney, in which the Americans were defeated and the capital was sacked and burned on the 24th of August, 1814, just forty-eight years before. In this unfortunate atTair Colonel Stansbury, of Balti- more, commanded the Baltimore Brigade, including the Fifth Regi- ment, made up of the best blood of the city. The barracks occupied by Company A, when located at Back River, were on a plantation owned by a Colonel Stansbury, a man whose sympathies with the South in the impending struggle were pronounced. He may have been a descendant of the first named — perhaps an unworthy son of a worthy sire.

The ground occupied by the Regiment was rendered famous also as the place where many noted duels had been fought. The Bladens- burg dueling-grounds are described as '^ not far west of Bladensburg, just beyond the line which separates the Federal city from the State of Maryland, a short distance otf the road from Washington." Not far from here the famous meeting between Henry Clay and John Randolph occurred on tlie 8th of A})ril, 182G; and here, not long prior to the battle between the British and Americans, already re- ferred to, a United States Secretary of the Treasury shoe his antag- onist through the body in "an atlair of lionor; " and here, too. Com- modore Stephen Decatur, Jr., was killed on the 22d of March, 1820, by Commodore James liarron, who was severely wounded in the same encounter, and nnmy oriiers of lesser note liad yielded up their lives or liad been disabled on this spot, victims of the barbarous code.

The place at the time the Tentli encamped there was well suited for the purposes of a cavalry stati')U. A bmad field extended toward

.^if.

a. ^^^'^•^■^^(U^Ms^

•1

i ''^'^.

CAPTAIN GEORGE VANDERBIL. Co L

\

1803 BREAKING HORSES AND BONES. . 33

the south, and a spring of water on the hillside above furnished an abundance of water for both man and beast.

Tlio breaking of the green horses to the saddle furnished great amusement to the men, and the boastings of some of tUem as to their superior horsemanship was put to the crucial test. In some cases the determination to make good their vauntings resulted in bruised limbs and acliing heads, for there were many high-spirited and some vicious steeds among the seven hundred and thirty-two that had l>eeu issued to the Eegiment during August and September. Com- fortable and commodious stables were provided for the animals on the grounds, and rapid progress was made by the men in the mounted drill. The location was too isolated and inaccessible to draw tlie crowds of sight-seers from the city; but there were occa- sional visits from notables, who usually rode out in their carriages on the old Bladensburg road and frequently stopped to witness the dress-parades. Among the number who thus paid the Eegiment a visit was the President and Secretary Seward, who witnessed the pa- rade from their open carriage with evident interest and satisfaction.

The bo3-s, who now appeared to realize that they were on the eve c'f that "active field service " for which they had been longing and }H'titioiiing, endeavored to make the best of the time allowed them for inspecting the beauty and grandeur of the nation's capital, prior to being transferred to hostile territory. The Capitol and other public buildings, the navy-yard, and in fact every place that tempted the curiosity, were visited.

Since leaving the Elmira rendezvous the Regiment had by each successive m.ove approached nearer to the seat of war, and now, that it was fully equipped and mounted, the men were in daily expecta- tion of marching orders that would take them into the presence of the enemy. But just at this time it was decided to add another battalion to the Regiment, and a detail for recruiting it was made, as follows :

Headquarters Provisional Brigade,

Washington, August 23, 1802. Special Orders No. 50.

The following-named ofTicers. non-commissioned otTicers, and men, are detailed to recruit for the Tenth New York Volunteer Cavalry, in accordance ^vith Gen- eral Orders from the War Department, No. 88. of 18G2 :

1st Lieutenant Alvah D. Waters. Company G, Tenth Xew York Cavalry.

2d Lieutenant George Vanderbilt, Company H, Tenth New York Cavalry.

Sergeant Walter K. Perry, Company A, Tenth Xew York Cavalry.

Sergeant Marshall R. Woodruff, Company B, Tenth Xew York Cavalrv. 3

34 HISTORY OF THE TENTH IlEGIMENT OF CAVALRY. 1802

Sergeant Edgar Hinckley, Company C, Tentli Xew Y-^rk Cavalry. Corporal James Matthews, Comj)any 1), Tenth New York Cavahy. Sergeant T. \V. Johnson, Company E, Tenth New York Cavalry. Sergeant D. H. Binkley, Company F, Tenth New York Cavalry. Sergeant B. B. Porter, Company G, Tenth New York Cavalry. Sergeant C. E. Pratt, Company H, Tenth New York Cavalry. By order of Brigadier-General Casey :

E. Walter West, Lieuttimnt and Aide-de-Camp. To Colonel John C. Lemmox, Tenth JVew York Cavalry.

To this order the name of Sergeant-Major X. I). Presto-u was afterward added.

This detachment, under tlie command of I.ioutenant ^Mvali D. "Waters, proceeded to the State of Xevv York and at once entered upon the duties of recruiting four full companies, oUices being opened for the purpose in diiferent parts of the State, A\ith Elmira as the general rendezvous. Company I — one liundred strong — under Cap- tain David Getman, Jr., was organized at the rendezvous on the 21st of September, and was mustered into service on 11 le 30th of October. The men comprising this company were recruited in Broadalbin, Mayfield, Perth, Johnstown, Northampton, Brooklyn, and Gahvay, in Fulton County.

Company K, Captain Wheaton Loomis, follovv-ed on tlie 30th of the same month, with one hundred men, and was mustered in on the 29th of October. It was raised in Oxford, Crcene, Coventry, Sher- burne, McDonough, Unadilla, Preston, Guilford, and Pliaisalia, in Chenango County.

Captain Alvah D. AVaters's company, L, was organized on the 2-ith of October, and mustered into service on the 2!nh of the same month. Its members came from Cortland, Taylor, SoIchk Virgil, Freetown, Homer, and Marathon, in Cortland C(junty ; l-ev,iston and Wheat- field, in Niagara County; P>uir:ilo, Collin.^ and Aurora, ij) Erie County; Otto and Persia, in Cattaraugus County; AVatkins, in Schtiyler County; Lyons, in AVavne County; Pitcher, in Chenango County; Big Flats, in Sullivan County; and Fhnira, in Cliernung County.

Company ]\[ was orgtuiized in Xovoinber, and mustered into serv- ice in the field in Xovember and December, 1802, and .January, 18G3. Its membersliip was drawn from Cortland, Freetown, Virgil, Cuyler, Lapeer, and Gernmn, in Cortland CouTity; Buffalo, in Erie County; Niagara Falls, in Nia'j.ira County; We^t Sparta, in Living- ston County; Otto, in Catturangus County; arid Oxford and Pitcher, in Chenansro Conntv.

H*C2

THE ROSTER OF THIRD BATTALION.

35

The following is a complete roster of the four companies com- prising the Third Battalion, as mustered :

C03IFANY L

1764832

Captain, David Getman, Jr. Id Lieutenant^ Stephen Dennie, ^d Lieutenant, Charles H. HllL

Horatio 11. Boyd (Is f), A>ii Ca[>ron (Q. J/.). Jolui W. Inness (Com.).

Sergeants. John "W. Abernethy. Nicholas D. Case. David N. Haines.

Dorwin J. Close. Jacob C. Case.

C;h»"*ter L. Berry. H. iiry Ik'tts. Au{?u»tus M. Brown.

Corporals Hosea Davis, Jr. Darius S. Orton. Peter Phillips.

Abram H. Van Dyke. Harvey Becker.

lit nry A. Piper, Teamster. Diiniol Satterlee, Teamster, Charles Thayer, Farrier.

Harvey A. Lane, Farrier. George Riddle, Saddler. James L. Mercer, Wagoner.

Barlet, Charles S. Ik'iison, Charles. Blowers, Abram H. Blowers, Eli as. Blowers, John. Blowers, William H. B'jhannon, John T. Brig;:^?, William R. Browor, Christopher. Brower, William. Brown, James H. Brown, Nathaniel W. Clo^^e, George W. Clute, John W. Crouch, Thomas T. Cuming, Philip. <'unnng, Thomas. T'avis. George. D;iy, Julius B. 1>VL', Asa. Hirle, James. 1'Vrgu.son, George D. lVr-u<on, Seneca.

Privates. Fice, Ansel. Forbes, Daniel C. Forbes, Francis. Foster, William. Fox, Hollis. Fox, Miner. Fox, Norman R. Freeman, Alva. Goodermost, William A. Hager, William D, Hall, Albert. Hall, James. Hall, John. Hammond, John. Handy, John. Honeywell, Joseph W. Jones, William H. Laird, James A. Lee, Thomas. Lepper, Jacob. Marlet, John. Mosher, Ephraim. McCabe, Barney.

McClary, Hiram. McCormick, John. Murdock, Peter R. O'Bryan, William. Patterson, Edward. Peck, George. Phillips, Lorenzo, Reynolds, Jesse.. Reynolds, John. Rhodes, William P. Richardson, Daniel. Richardson, John H. Richardson, Marcus A. Sandford, George E. Sandford, James H. Sanborn, Joseph A. J. F. Satterlee, Abram. Satterlee, Zailock. Schermerliorn, Daniel W. Schermerhorn, George W. Shaw, John. Smith, George H. Stoddard, Rawson.

3G

HISTORY OP THE TENTH REGIMENT OF CAVALRY. 1862

Stuart., Gcorgo. Tatloclc, Thomas B. Terrell, Andrew J.

Waitc, James H. Wanils, Williara. Warner, Martiton.

Wells, James W. Wescot, Alexander. ' Whitney, Francis R.

COMPANY K.

Captain, Wheaton Loomis.

1st LicuievMrd, Benj. F. Lownsbery

H Lieutenant, Lewis D. Burdick.

Sergeants.

Bronson Bofirdslce {1st). Norman W. Torry. Wm. 1). Clieever {Q. 21.). Isaac J. Stratton.' Thos. E. Ciiapman (Com.). Thomas C. Pettis.

Adam C. Tallman. A. Gray Raymond.

Henry B. Griswold. Frederick A. Hill. Jothani Woods.

Corporals.

Shelden Bolles. Patrick Griffin. William D. Seaman.

William H. Loorais. Sainuel P. Morse.

Lucius A. Hall, Teamster. Isaac Cole, Teamster. William L. Daniels, Farrier.

Henry O. Daniels, Farrier. Antia Erna, Saddler, William F. Allen, Wagoner.

Adams, John T. Arnold, Anions. Barnes, Nehrmiah. Beards] ey, Addison. Benedict, Abijah D. Booth, Genrge C. Brooks, Samuel A. Bunnel, Jamrs M. Butler, Emory A. Button, Sylvester. Cady, V/illiain. Carliart, George N. Condran, J(>lin. Crosljy, Orris. Crumb, Orson. Crumb, William P. Cun^niings, John D. Dilliube.'k. Oscar S. Dobson, Frcdt-rick H. Dolan, James. Di»\v, Edniony G. Farley, Patiiok, Fe*>lev, Jarnf^s.

Privates. Finch, Charles D. Fisk, George L. Gale, Alpheus L. Haxton, Benjamin. Holdrege, Charles 11. Huntley, Charles F. Ingcrsoll,. Theodore G. Ingraliam, Andrew. Ingraham, Austin. Ireland, Ilonry. Kuhn. Jacob. Lamphen, George. Lami'lu-n, William. ^Marlin, Thomtis W. 3Inrtin, Ad<lisun W. MiK-s, William A. Mnak, Harris P. 3b 'ak, Julius. Mov,v. i:d-nr 1). Nichuls, A?nl)roso S. Ni( kt-rson, Edward W. Nighiiniralo, John W. O'lvarv, T;rni-!iiv.

Padgett, Charles. Padgett, John. Padgett, Rufus. Padgett, William F. Palmer, Neliemiah D. Palmer, Marcus A. Palmer, Jam.es. Ray, Charles A. Raynor, John. Rekins, Robert. Robinson, Charles J. Ros;i, Adrui. liosa, James. Rosa, Levi. Sargent, Alvin D. Sargent. Tracy A. Sharp, Nicholas. Stanley, Monroe. Tracy," Rosweli \V. Tyler, Uri F. Tubbs, Orris P. Van Ostrand, William. Vant assail, Lawson.

I'^m

THE ROSTER OF THIRD BATTALION.

37

Yanf.a««nll, Uri. V:i!itns>u]!, William. Wfllmun, Joseph.

Wells, Charles II. Wells, George W. Wells, Willard.

Willoughbv, Edgar R. Woods, William. Winchester, George A.

coMPA^^r L.

Captain^ Alrah D. Waters. lit Lieutenant, George Vanderbilt. 2d lAeutenant, Burton B. Porter.

Frrd* rick A. Gee (^O- Jas-ui L. Reed {Q. M.). I'niaklin L. King {Corn.).

Orrin C. Dann. J<.h!i R. Maybury. Tii'jrniis H. Doolittle.

Sergeants. Joshua W. Davis. David H. Rines. Llewellyn P. Norton.

Corporals.

Ballard Kinney. John W. Mathews. Thomas K. Ashton.

Andrew J. Lyman. Royal Miller.

Charles E. Blauvelt. Walter H. Angel.

Abrara G. Van Ilozen, Teamster. Waller Green, Teamster. Li'vi 1>. Ruddock, Fatner.

William Law, Farrier. Kirtland Herrick. Saddler. John Traver, Wagoner,

Avery, Samuel R. Aibro, David J. Albro, Ezra, J. Aibro, George W. AU)ro, Philan R. Arnold, John. Bal.KL'ock, j\[yron. Bacon, James M. Bacon, Lester. Bt^aumont, George P. Bouumont, William. Btt'be, ]\[ordaunt M. Bennett, Thomas. Bliss, Alonzo O. Brown, Asa L. Brown, Daniel. B>rown. James B. Brown, Milford M. Ciiiieott, Lewis. Ciark, George W. Cnbl,, William, Cell. urn, Eugene A. Cowhin, Edward.

Privates. Craft, Jackson. Dexter, Clark L. Dexter, Bela A. Edwards, David, Jr. Egbertson, Orange. Ellsworth, Edman. EUwood, George W. Faritor, John. Fougerty, John. Frye, Joel E. Gard, Samuel D. Ginn, Andrew. Hartman, Robert. Hicks, Horatio G. Hinman, John W. Homer, Cortland II. Kinney, Chester E. Lane, Samuel M. Madolo, John J. Mathews, Joseph F. Matteson, Justus G. Morell, Samuel D. Morgan, John.

Morse, William P. Newcomb, Franklin T. Ostrander, Silas. Overacker, James S. Parker, Edward M. Parsiow, Uriah. Patchin, Edward A. Pearsons, Kimble.. Phelps, Cicero C. Phillips, Romanzo M. Reynolds, Andrew E. Richardson, Jonathan. Robertson, Charles W. Robertson, Solomon. Rockwell. Garrett P. Rourke, Peter. Rudd, George W. Sergent, John. Sessions, Charles C. Thurston, Henry C. Tillinghast, Frederick A. Van Brocklin, Eric 0. Wanzo, lienrv..

38

HISTORY OF THE TENTH REGIMENT OF CAVALRY. 1SG2

Warfiold, Dennis B. Warner, Daniel. Warner, Joseph B.

Washburn, Nelson. Watson, Robert. Wiles. Clifton W.

Wolciitt, John. Wood, Neville P. Wright, Elias.

COJIFA^^Y Jl.

Captain, John G. Pierce. 1st Lieutenant, Thomas W. Johnson. 2d Lieutenant, James Matthews.

George H. Orcutt {1st). Melvin D. Peck ( Q. il/.).

Charles Fay. Edwin S. Rowley. William B. Seacord.

Sergeants. Jonath'n S.Webster (Com.). Edgar D. Phillips. John A. Freer. Herman Stiles.

Corporals. James Taylor George A. Thompson. Warren Tabor.

Andrew J. Van Epps. Charles Watson.

Adam Michael, Saddler.

Baker, William H. Barber, John. Bloom, John. Bouton, Edward. Bowsers, Thomas. Brown, Horace. Cleveland, Charles. Corey, Robert. Curtis, Thomas. Davis, John. Davis, John H. Davis, Lafayette. Davis, Samuel. Dennis, Charles. Dygert, James. Eccleston, John. Edwards, George D. Edwards. Richard H. Ellen, James. Ellsworth, John. Evans, John J. Fodius, John. Fields, William I. Fitzgerald, Patrick. Flynn, Morgan A. Ford, Goofire.

Privates. Gaylord, Lewis P. Gorman, Patrick. Graham, Thomas. Green, John H. Grovenor, Silas C. Hill, William. Holmes, Farley. Hulin, James. Johnson, James, Jones, Samuel. Kenyon, Bradford C. King, Alexander. Klink, Charles U. Larry, James. Lavine, Thomas. Lavery, Barney. Leach, John L. Lincoln, Joel S. Lowrcy, George W. Macoraber, Benedict S. Maddox, George, Mahany, Micha.l. Mattison. Daniel. Maxon, William. McCann. Alexander. McCann, TlKunas.

Meenan, Christopher. Moore, Samuel, ^lorrissey, John. Muller, Charles. Murray, John. Page, John. Parker, Hiram C. Parsons, Augustus N. Patterson, William A. Phelps, William E. Phillips, Eliphalet. Rice, Charles. Rudd, Allen F. Russel, James. Ryan, James. Shaver, George. Smith, George. Smith, Oliver L. Spencer, J. Jay. .Siilcs, Herman. Stiihvell John. Stimpson, William. Summers, Henry. Telle, Guillamene. Thomas, John. Tompkins. William.

I-\>*«..<»p

■^ ^

M

/

,\-

V

^^'

CAPTAIN AARON T. BUSS, Co. D.

ISG'3 JOKNIXG THE REGIMENT AT BROOKS'S STATION. 39

Tuck.r, .T'.t'^.n. Walkor, Thomas. Willson, James.

Waldron, Jiieob W. Williams, Daniel. Woods, John.

Williams, James.

Wliilo in rendezvous at Elmira the men received good food and wore provided with comfortable quarters. The usual guard duty, drilliixj", r.oijeing camp, etc., were maintained.

Clothini; w:is issued to all the companies on the 25th of October, and on tlie evening of the 30tli Companies I, K, and L left the El- inini rc:idr'ZVous for Washington, where a brief stop was made, and tlio j.m-n. y continued to Alexandria, arriving there on the 2d of XovenilHT. Here the boys were given soldiers' fare — i. e., ancient hard-til' -k ar.d inhabited pork — and assigned soft Virginia soil as beds, wirli a single blanket for covering. Very little complaint was heimi, hu\> over, except against the very active pork, and this a hu- mane caf!i}> commander caused to be taken away and good meat issued in its place. The men veteranized rapidly and were soon inured to the usiial rough side of the soldier's life.

On tbe 1st of December these three companies recrossed the Poto- mac, and receiving their horses in Washington, rode them back to cam]) Tiear Alexandria bare-back. An eiglit-mile ride on the ridge- pole o'l a skeleton quadruped naturally produced more blisters than cnthrisia-ni. None of the boys expressed a desire for any more free excursions of that kind.

Leaving Alexandria on the 2d of December, Companies I, K, and h joincti the Regiment on the 5th at Brooks's Station, where they found more company than comfort. A severe snow-storm was pre- vailing id tlie time of their arrival, and being without adequate pro- tection, inn eh suffering prevailed. The weather continued cold and raw for several days, with considerable snow. It was a rather rough beginning for the new battalion, but the men endured it all with comnieiid;i!)le fortitude.

We will now leave the eleven comj^anies at Brooks's Station and return to the camp near Bladensburg, where the detail left the Eegi- ment to recruit for the Third Battalion.

By an act of Congress, battalion adjutants, quartermasters and commissaries had been dispensed with. The services of Lieutenants Fitts and Lemmon being no longer required, one was mustered out and the other resigned, before the regiment entered Virginia.*

* Llciiton.-int Fitts aft»?r\vard entered the One TTumlred and Fourteenth New- York Volunteers and rose to the rank of major, distinguishing himself on several ocvir-ion?.

^0 HISTORY OF THE TENTH REGIMENT OF CAVALRY. 1862

CHAPTER IIL

FIRST VIRGINIA CAMPAIGN — FROM SECOND BULL RUN TO FREDERICKSBURG.

RIOR to the second battle of Bull Rim, four companies of the Tenth — A, B, D, and E, under Major Avery — were or- dered to Falls Church, Ya. An addi- — tional issue of horses had been received on the 2Gth of iVugust, completing the regimental mount. Leaving the camp at Bladensburg, the detachment marched through clouds of dust until the Long Bridge was reached, when a high wind nearly approaching a hurricane came up, accompanied by torrents of rain, which drenched the men to the skin. It was a rough introduction to their future field of operations, a fair index to the service to follow. The detachment arrived at Falls Church in the evening and went into bivouac, the horses remaining under saddle.

The second battle of Bull Run was fought on the 29th and 30th of August. General Pope was compelled to withdraw his army from the scene of the conflict. Considerable excitement and confusion in and about Washington followed. All tlie available troops in the de- partment were sent forward as rapidly as possible. Two companies more of the Tenth — C and F, under command of ^lajor Kemper — were ordered to Fort Whipple, leaving but two companies, G and H, in camp at Bladensburg under command of Colonel Lenimon.

The morning following the arrival of Major Avery's detachment at Falls Church, the 29th, a detail of sixty men was ordered from it by General J. D. Cox to make a reconnaissance toward the scene of the conflict then raging between the two armies. The party proceeded as far as the heights of Centreville, and returned at nightfall without having encouTitered anything of a hostile nature.

At this time there were great and pressing demands for cavalry for picket and scouting service. The only troops available was the BattaHon of the Tenth New

ieG3 CAPTAIN riiATT'S COM^IAND TAKEN PinSONEllS. 41

Vork Cavalry, liiiilor M.ijor Avery, one squadron of which was at Upton Hill, and l,h*^ oilier, undor Captain Pratt, picketing the road from Falls Church to Fairfax C«iurt-1 louse.*

(Joneral Cox onlorcci a scouting pn,rty to bo sent, on the night of Angu>l oLst to Drainesville, and thence across the Little Pike, noar Chant iPiV, to Centre ville. Captain Pratt with about thirty men was dispatched on tliis duty. The night was very dark. When near Ccntrevillo the party was halted, aiid in obedience to the challenge Orderly Sergeant ]\[itchell was sent forward. He was immediately s\ iz.'d l)y t!ie cTiemy, for such they proved to be, and ordered under thrr-ats of immediate death to announce them as friends and to call on the captain to come forward -with liis command. UnsuspectiTig, Cu plain Pratt marched his little band forward and was immediately Hurrouuded by a large force and compelled to surrender. As soon as Orderly Sergeant I\Iitchell had served their p)urpose he was sent to the rear with a mounted guard on each side. "W^hen sufficiently re- moved from tliu rest of the command to warrant the belief that he coulii make his escape, Mitchell suddenly drew a large dirk which he had kt'pt concealed and killed both the guards by plunging it into llrst one and then the other, and putting spurs to his horse, entered the woods, where he remained secreted till morning, when he made Ins way into the Union lines and reported the capture of the entire command.!

The enlisted men — three sergeants, one cor})oral, and nine men from Company A and about an equal number from other com- panies of the Ilegiment — were paroled and returned to camp the next day, the Confederates retaining their horses and arms. The commission: ed ofilcers, one captain and one lieutenant, were held as prisoners, but they, too, were paroled next day. The enlisted men were sent to Parole Camp, Annapolis, Md. They were all exchanged and rejoined the Eegiment before the close of the year.

The following is an extract from a letter written by Captain Pratt and addressed to the historian some years ago :

It was very dark when I reached the pike, where I fell in with a large body of rt Ind cavalry and became their guest. A squadron of the Second Regular Cavalry

* MeClellan's book, p. oOO.

f Although somewhat lawless, Sergeant Mitchell was a brave man. He fre- 'pi* iitly absented himself from his company and wandered outside the linos, gen- • rally reporting on his return thrilling encounters with Confederate scouts and

42 HISTORY OF THE TENTH REGDJENT OF CAVALRY. 1862

was also cnptured not far from the same place which is mentioned in jMcClellan's book on page 525. The next afternoon the battle of Chantilly was fought, and it was during the day and before the battle that I saw Lee's army as it moved along the road, and had Generals Jackson, Longstreet, and Ewell pointed out to me. 1 also saw General Lee and other officers dismount in front of a house, where they appeared to be stopping. I recollect General Lee's hand was done up in a white cloth, as though he had been injured * The next day I was taken to view the body of General Phil Kearny, who was killed the night before.

The following is General Cox's report of the capture :

Thirty men of the Tenth New York Cavalry, under Captain Pratt, took the direct road to Centreville. Of this party a sergeant is the only man who has as yet returned. He reports that about eight o'clock in the evening, when they were within about three miles of Centreville, they were challenged by a picket. He was sent forward to answer the challenge. The picket pretended to belong to the First Pennsylvania Cavalry till he advanced to them, when they surrounded him and took him prisoner. He subsequently made his escape from the guards, and after wandering all night has just returned to camp.

J. D. Cox, Brigadkr-General Cunnnanding,

September 1, 1862.

The rehel report of the capture is given in the following lan-

On the 31st of August the Brigade went with General Stuart on a scout to Chantilly, picking up two or three hundred prisoners. A portion of the Twelfth Virginia Cavalry, under Lieutenant-Colonel Burk, captured one company of the Tenth New York Cavalry without firing a gun.

Thomas T. Munford, Colonel Second Virginia Cavalry.

SepUmher 1, 1862.

On the 14th of September, ten men under command of Sergeant Edson of Company D, made a reconnaissance in the direction of Leesburg, going beyond Goose Creek without encountering the enemy.

The first exchange of courtesies the Regiment had with the rebels was at Leesburg on the 17th of September, 18G2. Lieutenant-Colonel Kilpatrick, of the Harris Light Cavalry, with his own regiment and three companies of the Tenth under ^lajor Avery, left Fort Buffalo,

* As we marched along I noticed a group of olTicers dismounted and standing upon a little eminence at the roadside. Among them was General Lee. . . . He had recently had a fall from his horse, caused by the stumbling of tlie animal, and had badly sprained both wrists. They were now done up in splints, which, covering the hands, were bound around with white cloths. — (K [guard Towxs- HEN'D DoDSOx, formcrhj sergeant-major of the Stuart Horse Artillery, in Phila- delphia Weekly Times, March 8, ISS4.)

lj<C3 A GALLANT CHARGE. 43

near Upton's Hill, on the IGth clay of September, for Leesburg. Lieutenant Weed, who had been ill in Washington, arrived in camp the day after the expedition left, and at once followed.

Coming up with the Kegiment, he took command of one squadron, Captain Bliss commanding the other. On reaching Leesburg, the latter officer with his squadron was sent forward into the town to ascertain whether or no there was any one at home to receive com- pany, and if he was successful in finding them, to fall back and so induce them to come out. AYhen Bliss deployed they seemed an- noyed and came at him viciously. He retired before them until they came in range of our battery, when bang ! bang ! went the guns, and several shells were landed in their midst. Lieutenant Weed was or- dered to charge and, as the boys went forward with a cheer, they saw the rebel cavalry massed in the streets. Kilpatrick, taking in the excitement of the occasion, had started forward when the charge was made.

As the command reached a little knoll, giving the boys a good view of the enemy, Kilpatrick rose in his stirrups and exclaimed : " See the rascals ! Go for 'em, boys ! " and, with these words ringing in their ears, the boys went for 'em. The rebels fired a few shots and broke, followed closely by Weed and his men through and out of the town. As they drove the cavalry before them, a force of infantry from behind a fence on their flank opened fire, wounding seven and capturing one man. Lieutenant Weed seized a carriage w^iich was just leaving town, containing " Massa and Missus," as the old darky said, and into this he had four of the wounded placed and taken back, the others being able to get away without help. A number of arms were destroyed and a quantity of ammunition and a fine large Confederate flag fell into our hands.

In addition to the captured and wounded from the Tenth, al- ready mentioned, the charging party lost one horse killed and fifteen 'Wounded. Among several close calls experienced the poncho of Sergeant H. E. Hayes, of Company A, rolled and strapped to the front of his saddle, was pierced by a rebel bullet. There w^ere a large number of the enemy's w^ounded and sick lying in extemporized hospitals about the town, but they were left undisturbed.

Of this engagement Corporal E. W. Stark writes as follovrs :

When near Leesburg we were ordered to support a battery. I think there were but two companies, Company A being one. After a few shells had been thrown among the rebels we were ordered to charge through the town. I was in second nink. As we went throiiirh the town, mv horse being a good runner, I in some man-

44 HISTORY OF THE TENTH REGLMKN'T OF CAVALRY. 18G2

ner became mixed up in the front rank ; in fact, I g'.'t .-ome ways alioofl of the rest of the boys, and commenced firing. ]\ly horse act.n.1 .bO j was C(;mj)eil(Hl to turn him about to prevent beinj? carried Into tlie niidsl of the rebels, who wcru strung across the road. The balance of onr command ha.l liaUed and v crc p!>uring in a rapid, well-directed fire, which was being reln'-ned with spirit by tbe rebels. Lieutenant Weed, who was in ominand, ordered rs to fall back. Tlicre was a good board fence on one side of the street and thi; rebels had tak-.u position be- hind it, and, as they were perfectly ])rotected, we wvrn rompelled to iclirc from the terrible fire we were subjected to. It was a mir.icu'.ous thing thai more of our men were not hit, as we were directly abreast and close to them, am] llK-y had but to take deliberate aim at us through the cracks in iJie fence. As wo were falling back I received a flesh-wound in the arm, ne;ir tb.e elbow. JNly horse was shot twice, but neither wound disabled him. I think Wiltiain Wilbur ^^ as wounded in the shoulder. Joe Cook, our bugler, had his horse killed, and as the liorse went down Cook was caught under him and fell into too hands of the rehels. Cook had a fine live turkey strapped to his saddle. Bplm; i- and gobbler Mere both gath- ered in. I do not recollect who v.-as vroundcd besides tliose mentioned. Xo at- tempt was made to follow us.

Sergeant W. W. Williams, of Compiniy D, after payiiig a hand- some tribute to Sergeant Traman 0. Mhite (afterward lieutenant), says that on the way to Leci^burg the coinninnd lialted at Di-ainesville and sent out scouting parties, and while waiting there >^orne one of the men found a beautiful blooded seal-brov.n stallion, silver mane and tail, which appeared to be much admii od by Colonel Kiipatrick. He says when the detachment reached LocsljiiriT, i)art of the command took one street and part another, and wIicti tiiey had got fairly into the town the rebels opened a brisk fire on ihem from the buildings, from behind fences, etc., and some one ga^o tlio order to left about wheel, wdiich was done Iti good order, ]vA vrry lively. Sergeant W. J. Kobb came rushing b;ick, brandishlit;; a ro\>:dver, ami threatened to shoot the men if they aiioTiipted furth;r skuddaddling ! On mat- ters being explained, Robb joined in tlie fall'?it: back.

When returning to camp at Upton's 11 ill, an old lady made a piteous complaint to Oolonol Kiipatrick tliat liis men liad taken everything she had for hcrseif and daiiL'-iitor to live on. The boys were all pretty well encumbered witli the '' iVe<>v\-ill oU'eriiigs" of the citizens along the route, and Kiljuitriek h ft an aide at the old lady's gate to solicit contributions from then\. 'i'lie result was the lady was presented with poultry and provisions sutbcient to su})plva good- sized division of hungry Yankees. *^]M'oeiy ye have received, freely give," Tlie Bible injunction v,as litendiy and liberally followed.

The following are tlie re]>orts of Colonel Davies, of the Leesburg

1863 COMPOSITION OF BAYARD'S BRIGADE. 45

Upton Hill, Va., September IS, 18*32. Lieutenant-Colonel McKeever :

I have a message from the expedition I sent out. Will bo back to-night. They found at Leesburg one regiment of infantry and a battalion of cavalry, which they drove out of the town after a sharp action, in which the enemy's loss was considerable. One flag and a number of prisoners were taken. Our loss was but slight. The Tenth New York Cavalry behaved very gallantly.

J. M. Da VIES, Colonel Commanding Brigade.

Upton Hill, Va., September 19, 18G2. Colonel Kilpatrick gives great credit to the admirable manner in which our guns were served, and the conduct of the Tenth New York Cavalry, which twice charged through the town.

J. M. Davies, Colonel Commanding Brigade.

In October the following was the composition of the brigade com- manded by Brigadier-General George D. Bayard :

First Pennsylvania Cavalry, Colonel Owen Jones.

Tenth New York Cavalry, Lieutenant-Colonel William Irvine.

Second New York Cavalry, Major H. E. Davies, Jr.

First New Jersey Cavalry, Lieutenant-Colonel Joseph Karge.

Battery C, Third United States Artillery, Captain H. G. Gibson.

These regiments, although not serving together in the same brig- ade to the close of the war, were closely allied, and always main- tained a close feeling of friendship for one another.

The endeavor to secure the most and best of the products of the country, such as hams, poultry, etc., caused the boys to resort to every artifice to obtain them. To such an extent had the " hen-roost raids " been carried at one time, that it called forth the most stringent orders forbidding their continuance. Colonel Kilpatrick charged the Tenth New York with being an aggregation of chicken-thieves, alleging that in nearly every case the sufferers from these depredations reported the gentlemen who sought introductions to their poultry as wearing caps with the figures " 10 " on them. Soon after, the Ilegiment being in line, preparatory to moving, Colonel Irvine called it to attention, and com- manded every man having the figures " 10 " on his hat to take tliem oif, and warned them that any one of them thereafter found with figures or other evidence of regimental identity on their persons would be pun- ished. A day or two later he sent out scouting ]oarties. witli orders to bring in any men found who had the figures 10 on their hats. A good crop of " Tenth Xew York men " were brought in, ail loaded with " farm products," but every man, on investigation, proved to be- long to tlu) ILirris Liglit. Coh>nel Irvine had them mnrclied to

46 HISTORY OF THE TENTH REGIMENT OF CAVALRY. 1862

Colonel Kilpatrick's headquarters, and said to him : " Here, Colonel, are some of those Tenth Xew York thieves ; do with them as you please. You may also have the figures on their hats, as I have no further use for them; my men dun't wear them." Colonel Irvine was invited to sample some of Kili)atrick's cereal distillate, while the men were ordered to be placed in arrest. That was probably the last of it. Kilpatrick admired too much such enterprise to punish the men.

Bayard's brigade took the lead in the advance of the Army of the Potomac to the Rappahannock River. The Tenth broke camp at Centreville on the 2d of November and reached Rappahannock Sta- tion on the 7th, where it went into camp. The route was via Aldie, Thoroughfare Gap, Salem, and Warrenton. Skirmishing with the enemy's cavalry was continued nearly all the way. Iso large bodies of Confederates were encountered, however.

As the Regiment went into camp one dreary, damp night, while on this move, Joseph M. Bailey, of Company G, who was a hospital attendant, was nowhere to be found. He was wanted, and the hos- pital steward declared the fact u\ stentorian tones. " Joe Bailey ! " was called for, loud and long. Some of the boys in the Regiment repeated the cry; the demand for Bailey increased, until the appeal reached adjoining camps ; nor did the final return of the truant quell the rising tumult ! If any of the cavalry boys of Bayard's brigade caught a nap that night, it was between the refrains of "Joe Bailey" with which the air was heavily laden. Xext morning Joe Bailey was up early. He heard his name repeated on every side. It swept through the camps like a whirlwind; it invaded the infantry camps, stole silently out to the picket-line; ran the guard, and entered the enemy's camps. Like Virginia mud, " Joe Bailey " was everywhere. When on the march, if the cavalry num became weary and began to show symptoms of fatigue, new life was imparled by some one crying out, " Joe Bailey ! " The tired dough-boy would give his knapsack an extra hunch, and summon all his strength to respond, "Joe Bailey ! "

While the Regiment was lyiucr near "Warrenton Major Avery was taken quite sick, and souglit a place of quiet among the citizens of that place. In after-years he oitt-n referrc*! to the kind treatment he received from a family liviu'j: there, who pnnidvd him quarters and ministered to him in ]ii;s sicknos-^. lf<? never heard from them after the close of the war. In the hope that it might find its way into the hands of some surviving njember of the familv, the historian

i^m A lettj:r from 3[ajor avery's benefactress. 47

a«Mre-<so(l a letter to the gentleman whose name he had frequently ho:ird the >fujor mention, and was pleased to receive the following in nply :

Warrenton, Va., January 21, 1890. y. I>. Prkstox, Esq., FMladelpliia, Pa.

My 1)i:ar Sir: As ray husband has been quite sick since the receipt of your h'tter of the 17th instant, I will endeavor to answer your inquiries re<;arding Colonel Avery, wlioni I remember with the greatest kindness and pleasure.

I distinctly remember the morning of November, 1802, when our quiet break- t&^i wskS interrupted by a detachment of Union soldiers, bearing a sick officer, and dtumyidiiu) admittance and accojnmodations in my home.

Tho otlicer apologized for the necessity of intruding, and explained. that he had trii^l several other houses and had been refused admittance, and as he was too ill to rf^main in camp he wa^ compelled to trespass thus upon us. The weather was th«*n very cold, and every room having a fireplace was occupied, and I saw that Iio wjis too sick to be put in a room without fire ; but my father-in-law, then an old gentleman, said he would share his room with him, which offer was accepted. The next morning I was passing his door ; he called and asked if I would come in, that he wished to speak to me. He then again expressed his regrets for tho ntM:essity of having to be an unwelcome guest, and said that his presence in ray hou.se would l)e a protection to me and my property ; that he would be no expense or trouble to me ; that his orderly would attend him, and do his cooking, etc. His considerate manner proclaimed the gentleman, and from that time until he left I did wluit I could for him. His illness developed into typhoid fever, and he was very sick. He had been with us about three weeks when one morning we h'^ard tliat our troops were en route for Warrenton, and would be in the town in a few hours. We at once told Colonel Avery, so that he could make his escape, which he did.

We then heard nothing of him for about eighteen months. At this time some of the Black Horse Cavalry had fired on the Union soldiers who were stationed about in the vicinity of Warrenton, and it was thought the firing was done by the ciiize)is. This infuriated the enemy, and they threatened to come into Warren- ton and liang ten of the most prominent citizens. One morning, during this reign of terror, I was in my garden, when ray gardener looked up and saw a body of cavalry coming at full speed into the town. He said : " Run in de house, Miss Julia; de Yankees is comin', su' nuiri" I acted upon his suggestion without delay. Much to my dismay, the troops passed all the other houses, and dashed up to my front gate, and dismounted. Of course my first thought was that ray husband was to be the first victim, so I told him he should not go to the front door, but that I would. There I met a stout, fine-looking oificer, in full uniform, who raised his hat most courteously, and with a merry twinkle in his eye said, " I^Irs. James, don't you know me 7" then I recognized Colonel Avery. He con- tinued: '• I have come on no miseiiievous errand, but am encamped at the Junc- tion, and have just run up to bring you some things winch I thought might bo ncfoptable at this time." He then ordered his men to unload the mule, and I found myself tho possessor of some real coffee, sugar, salt, etc. We spent a plc;is- ant hour or two together, and then he returned to camp at Warrenton Junction.

We next heard of him at Rappahannock Station. While there he and a fel-

48 HISTORY OF THE TENTH REGIMENT OF CAVALRY. 19G2

low-officer came to see us one day, and I invited both to lunch with us, which they did, and this friend may have been the Mr. Irvine of v.lioni you iurjuire, for I do not remember his name.

As they bade us good-by, Colonel Avery said, " Mrs. James, we are goin^f to get to Richmond this time, sure,'' and I said, laughingly, '^ JVcrer, unless you are capt- ured and taken there I" This was the last we ever saw or heard of him, and wo would be greatly obliged if you would write us whatever became of him, for we often, even now, talk of him, and bear him in kindest remembrance.

Very truly yours,

Julia C James.

The Regiment was encamped just east of li;ipj)aliannock Station the 15th of November, 18G2, when Captain Peck was ordered to le- port with his company, consisting of sixteen men, to Major Ilarhans, of the Second New York Cavalry, at Morrisville, for picket duty. Upon arriving tliere he was sent to United States Ford, on the ]<ap- pahannock River, where he was directed to remain on picket. He reached the Gokl Mines, a small settlement a sliort distance iroin tlie ford, just at sundown, and establislicd his r(?3crve about a Jicdf-milc from the little handet, in the direction of the river, sending a ser- geant and two or three men to the river, scouting. Sergeant \V. N. Harrison and Private John Hicks were sent at tlie same time some distance in the opposite direction on picket. On the morning of the 16th Captain Peck stationed Sergeant Guy A^ynkoop Avith a corporal and three men at United States Ford, leaving but nine men on tlie reserve, including Orderly Sergeant Bonnell and Sergeant Jolm C. Re}Tiolds. During the forenoon the Captain, witli Sergeant Bonnell, started in the direction of Fredericksburg on a reconnaissance, taking Harrison and Hicks along as they came to the point where t]>cy were stationed. The party returned ;d)out noon, Ihirri.^on and Hicks re- suming their places on picket. From the time of riio arrival oi' Cap- tain Peck and his little nartv on tlie ground tliere had been a lordiuo- of uneasiness, and altliough this reconnaissance developed nothing new, it did not in the k ust al];iy the anxiety of tlie men. Tliey were about twelve mik's frcm tlie main reserve at Morrisville, and tlieir small numbers and the condition of the country invited a visit from the enemy, who were fully informed ])y the citizens of the exact con- dition of affairs. Every precN'uition was taken against surjuise, but with so few men it was im|H)S--:ib]e to successfully resist any sudden attack of a superior force.

About noon a body ot forty or fifty rebi-ls came charging down upon Harrison and Hicks. As tliey were ciotlied in ])lue, Harrison at first sight supposed they ^^■ere a party svut from Mc»rri?villo to relieve Capt;u'n

\

%f

M^-^^^LL^&mhaMAjnis^t

^m^k^Mi^

CAPTAIN, Co, I.

^^r^ SKIliMISIl AT TI!E GOLD MIXES. 49

I>rck ; but tho " Viii '' aiimonislidd hiiii of liis error, and springing to lii--* hur><'^ lie mouufccl just as n Soatliorn Goliath in stature rushed lii-M/n him witli a doTnaud to smTOiider. Harrison declined the invi- t.-'i^'JU iu;kh'd his hcr^c in the ribs with his spurs, and started for the rr jtvo. a scruh race followed hetwoen him and his would-be inter- vi>^vcr, hut iIarriF:f)7i'3 unp: came mvlcr the wire several lengths ahead. }ll:]^< w'Xi imablo to get to his I:iorsi', iiud was taken prisoner.

Ak voon as Cn]jlain Peck lieard tiie ih'ing, he ordered the men on rr— rv.:' to fall back to an open field close by, taking a bridle-path tlir'jU'jii tbe tliicket- Keachin:;- ;". iv^iiewa}^ a stnnd was made, and as tho rA-'vh came chariring down, clo.-CiY pursuing Harrison, the Com- l iuy II boys dischargiril their carbines into their ranks, causing a ^S-fCt. bait. The little band coiite.-'.od the ground across the open; baf. .-"on anotlier ])arfy of thirty or lorty rebels opened fire from the <'iip-t.»ife direction, forcing them to abandon their. position around an old huu.-e. Cai)t[iin I'eck then callod out to the men to take care of thtJu^.dYos as best tliey could, i\v.d lie himself made an attempt to n^nf'h the woods, to accomplish wliich his horse would be compelled to I'-nr. a fcjice ; tljis lie obstinately refused to do, and the Captain i^Vvi horn h\A back, over the fence, just in time to avoid capture. In ihi: s«'r;ai:ljk' from llio house six of our brave fellows were made pris- . «»U'r-\ :iniong tlie nuruber being L;insing Bonnell, who received a frJi^ljtful i>aber-cut across the right side of his face and head, and Joe I'rvarl-'y, wlio had a slight bulkt-wound. Chet "Wilcox gained the wo.kis in safety and liastcned to tlie ford to warn Sergeant "Wynkoop of ]ih <lauger. Sergeants Bonnell and Reynolds, and Privates Loren- zo Allen and Lemuel Barker ran the gantlet safely, passing through t-jo :-i'i.> wliere several rebels wu^'c ^ Uitioned, while elo:^e behind them foil). '.id their pursuers, ''too numerous to mention," calling on them to surrender and ap])lying to them vile names. Corporal Harrison's hor-e became unnumageable and carried him into a dense under- gnjwth, where three or four rebels followed, demanding his surrender at the point of their fusees. He v\'as marched to Fredericksburg that night, arriving just after dark, and was lodged in the guard-house witli ten others of Coijipuiiy U. Xext morning they were taken to liichniond and placed in Libby Prison, and three or four da^'S later exelianged and sent to Annapolis.

After safely passing the rebels stationed at the gate, Sergeant Bonnell ami his three coinpanions went Hying through the little set- tlement of the Gold ]^Iines, the rel)els " ki-yi-ing " close behind them. neafhing the junction of the roads where our })icket had been posted, 4

50 HISTORY OF THK TENTH REGIMENT OF CAVA];UY. 1H(>2

they encountered another force of the altogether too-numcr»vr.s eneniy^ but the only course open to tliem was to '• go through " or ilie trying. It was hot work, but through they went, tlic bullets flying f;i.st, th..-. boys doing their best to outrun tliem. About twenty of tlie nuineroud throng continued the pursuing business as the boys s})ed on, w^iili Morrisville only ten miles away ; but one by one the hoiv-?s of thci'* pursuers gave out and they abandoned the chase. lieacliing Morris- ville, Bonnell and his party found the place deserted. Continuing, they arrived at Rappahannock Station about dusk and reported to General Bayard. Captain Peck, Sergeant Wynkoop, and others came in earl} the next morning just as camp was being broken preparatory to a move. Captain Peck was placed in arrest at once by order of tlie General, and was not released till about the 1st of January at Camp Bayard. The following is the report of General Bayard :

Rappaiiaxnock Station, Va..

■ I^ovpmber'ii!)^ 1882. " The rebel cavalry from Falmouth surprised Captain Peck anJ liis company, who were sent to picket Richards and United States Fords. A sergeant and four men have returned ; the Captain also escaped. I will arrest liim for gross care- lessness when he comes in. Probably some eighteen or twenty mtMi are captured with their arms and everything.

George D. Pa yard, i5r?*^«f?dVr-6' ',■??/?/•«?.

Lieutenant- Colonel Irvine's report :

Headquarters Tenth New York Cavalry,

Rappahax>.-ock, 2\ove.ml(r 16, 1862.

General: Sergeant Reynolds, of Captain Peek's Company, IT, V\>i \\\i\\i sent to Morrisville to report to Major Ilarhaus for ];icket duty, luis just come into camp, and reports that Captain Peck, with fourteca men po.-^red <;t the Gold Mines, was attacked about 1 p. m. to-day by aliout one huudrixi men in their rear. Captain Peck rallied his men after being fired on and made a stand, fired his car- bines, then fell back a few rods. On the rebels advancing. emi)tioil his revolvers. By that time the p^irty were nearly surrounded, liie Captain's horM: slsot under him, and they undertook to cut their way through lo the rear. Five of the men succeeded in domg so and brought away seven horses. Captain Peek escaped into the woods, and, the Sergeant thinks, succeeded in escaping. The Serge;uit afid four men were chased and tii*ed on for two miles toward 3Iorrisviile. when the rebels gave up the chase. Xin(^ men are missing and seven horses. Two horses were shot, including the Captain's. Whether any men were killed the Sergeant can not tell, lie has no idea where the reljs came from, but knows that they did not cross at the ford. Captain Peck's rear-guard was but a litile Wiiy oH and the attack was a surprise. Your obedient servant.

William Irvine, Lieutenant-Colonel Commanding 'Tenth New York Cavalry.

General Bayard.

18«3 INCIDENTS BY SERGEANT COLBURK 51

The same diiy this affair took place the Left Grand Division of the Annv of the Potomac — Buruside having succeeded McClellan in the coniniund of the army — commenced breaking camp for the pur- |M>R» of moving to Fredericksburg. From this time to the battle of KnHlericksburg the cavalry was engaged in scouting, picketing, guard- i!)g wagoii-lrains, etc., in broken and isolated detachments.

Wiiile on one of these foraging expeditions, an old farmer, from wlsoni tlie boys had taken a few hams, etc., demanded payment, and IJi'Utonant Kobb quieted him with a receipt signed " Q. K. Jones, cornniaiidiug squad," on the presentation of which to some "general " tlie coulidiug tiller of the soil expected to receive full compensation for \m supplies.

Sergeant L. A, Colburn, of Company A, relates some amusing in- ri«h'nt--, among them the following :

S*»^>n after the Regiment rccached the front I was sent out with a detail to f r.viTi- f'lr the oflieers. Chickens were plentiful at the tirae, and we soon secured II. ^M^«U >u}>ply anil started on the return trip, when we came to a place where tlrre were tiuite a number of fowls and we stopped to increase our stock on hand. Whili* the Ix.ys were gathering in the chickens, I went to the well to get a drink. In hfting the bucket I spilled some water on the platform near the door to the h-'U**., wliich made it rather slippery. The lady of the house, hearing the appeal fvr ht-Ip from her chickens, came flying out, seized an axe, and with it raised in th«* air came for me, exclaiming with an oath, "I'll kill one Yankee, anyhow!" .\« ftiic struck tlio slippery platform I raised my arm to ward ofi the fatal battle- fts • and at the same time shied one of my feet in the direct line of her march. In an instiint tliere was considerable female spattered over that platform, the ugly- ^•rkingaxe being transferred to my hands in the acrobatic manceuvre. By the I line she hud recovered herself and assumed an upright position she concluded Vrtiik.M'S [mi-t lx>ar a charmed life and retired within her fort, leaving the vicious ifiiikijjs to defend themselves as best they could.

And here is another from the same source :

J^Tpeant "Tip" McWethy and I were rather privileged characters, presum- ftbly Ufyiuse we never forgot the ofTicers when we were successful in getting any- thui;» in our "outings." It was hinted in our presence by some of the officers on ^,'u* <Kn'a?-it>n, just as we were about to go into camp, that nulk would be a mighty KiT^ thini: f<'r the coffee that they were anticipating the enjoyment of soon. Tip *'i?S I trathcred up some spare canteens and started cow- ward, over the hiils and f^r &-XiiS\ Arriving at a farm-house where there were some cows, we found the b'iy iit.il a^sked her if we could have some milk, to which she modestly replied, "■ S'>l a cu'-M.-d drop ! " and proceeded to deliver an eloquent lecture on the subject if vandaiii^jn, subjugation, etc. We assured her that the text was suflicient for t>i; We hadn't time to remain for the sermon. We complimented her cows, told her t.';"v vTi-r.. very T^rotty, etc. ; but none of these things seemed to placate her. She

52 HISTORY OF THE TENTH IJEGLMEXT OF CAVALRY. 1862

refused us a dish into which we might pump the lacteal fluid, so I, holding the canteen in cue hand, essayed with llio otiicr to guide tiic precious fluid from the cow into the canteen. The woman tnro'.v sticks and stones at the quadruped, whicli frustrated my cml";ivor?. I toll I Tip I thought we would be compelled to go into the cellar and get i^ome old milk. *'Xo," said Tip, "we must have fresh milk. You go and mdlk that cow, jind u" >ho don't stand still 1*11 shoot her," say- ing which Tip produced his revolver and aimed at tlie cow's head. "Madam,"- said Tip, "if you ever want to milk th;;i rx'W again don't throw any clubs at her now; if she stirs, Fii shoot her!" All IJie old lady dared tlirow was furious glances, but, as these didn't interfere \\)l\\ the iJow of milk, we didn't mind them.

The Tenth was agn in assigned \o Bayard's brigade earl}' in De- cember, made up as follows : rirst Maine, First Xew Jersey, Second Kew York, Tenth Xew York, and .First Pennsylvania cavalry regi- ments, and Independeiit Compaiiy First District of CoUimbia Cav- ah-y, and Battery C, Third United States Artillery.

At noon ou Wiq Gth of Decem]>cr boots and saddles resounded through the camp, and soon after tlic entire command was on the move northward. Foports of the presence of large bodies of rebel cavalry in the vicinity of Fairfax and Thoroughfare Gap was the cause of our sudden departure for tliat section. A snow-storm had set in the day before and was still prevailing, and it was bitter cold when the command set out ou th(,; march. Tlio sutlering was very great, in many cases the men being compelled t(j dismount and march on foot to prevent their feet from freezing. Little or no sleep was obtained dnring the march, and but scanty opportunity was af- forded for preparing a cup of ootree. The country was thoroughly patrolled but nothing of a liostile nature was encountered. The brigade returned to camp on th!" iuh, the men having been in the saddle i\\Q, greater ]i:irt of the time U^x Hiree d;iy.s.

While on this nuircii (Jenei'al l>;iyard had established his head- quarters one very disagreeable nigld, near a house, close by which was a crib containing a little corn w liich the men v.ore not slow in discovering, for tm enterprising cavalryman wj!> always on the alert for food for the faithful animal th;it liad borne lum patiently during the day. The General vras a strie; disripiinarian. \lx^^ would tolerate no pilfering or unwarrante<l aju>rt)|;riation.s or destruction of prop- erty. A guard had been })laced (wi \h(^. crib by r<quest of the lady of tlie house; but ilie boys ni;idr a'-rusir'on liim, knocking him down, and each man [)ro'"'ee(hid t'> i-'-^ue to liimsdf all the corn he could get away v.ith. MeaiiJime I'ne guard had h;isiened to the General and re])ort< d the state of affairs. Seizirig the saber from his informant, the Genend, in a gnat stale of exriti-menr, rushed to the

18(12 ON PICKET AGAIN. 53

relief of the besieged crib. The men scattered in every direction, while the Yonng commander of the brigade paced rapidly up and down in front of the crib, muttering vengeance on any one who dared molest the corn. The deposed sentinel stood quietly by, dazed at the vigorous manner in which a general stood guard. Taking advantage of the excited condition the General was in, the audacious men crept up to the back of the crib, took olf a bottom board, and in a few mo- ments every ear of corn had vanished. A staff officer passing in- quired of his chief the cause of his excitement, and on being told, ventured to look at the corn that was so valuable as to require a brigadier-general to guard it. He saw no corn, but did see the hole through w^hich it had gone, and reported the fact to the General, who was for a moment dumfounded ; then handing the guard his saber again, with injunctions to allow no one to approach the crib, he hastened to his quarters.

On the evening of the 10th of December the Regiment was or- dered to the roar of the army for picket and scouting service. The location was dismal and forlorn — a more than usually hard-looking spot on the badly scratched and scarred face of " Ole Virginny." Sergeant Mortimer Spring, of Company D, gives his experience at this time as follows :

It was on the night of the 11th of December, 1SG2, when the Union army, un- der General Burnside, was preparing to cross the Rappahannock and give battle to the rebel army under General Lee. A part of the Tenth was doing duty on the right and rear of the army, on what was known, I think, as the Dumfries road. The reserve was about a half-mile back from the picket-line, on a cross-road, which led to the Dumfries road. Midnight was the time for my relief to go on duty, and as there had been firing on the right of the line all the early part of tlie night, the Lieutenant and Sergeant took seven or eight men and went in that direction, sending me with the remainder of the relief to the left. I had posted all but two of my men, and was going with them down a hill, the road at that place being through a dug-out. The bank on either side was as high as my horse's back, and on each side was a rail fence. An open field was on the left and dense timber on the right, with a heavy growth of underbrush. We were march- ing quail-fashion — single file — when, of a sudden, there came from the under- brush a gruff demand to " surrender." I knew from the noise and rustling that we were outnumbered by at least two or three to one. I reached for my revolver, as each particular hair seemed to stand on end. Instantly came the com- mand, " Hands off that, or I'll blow your d d brains out ! " They had the

dn-p on me, and so, turning to the man nearest me I said, in a low tone, ''Follow nif." 1 drove the spurs into my horse's side, and I think he jumped fully twenty feet as he flew down t!ie road. They fired a volley at us, but neither I nor my hor<e was hit, but the horse behind me was shot through the neck. That changed ends with him, and the otlier horse of course followed, leaving me alone. The

5i HISTORY OP THE TENTH REGIMENT OF CAVALRY. 18C3

boys on ro.ichi!!,;i camp reporlod me killed, wliilc I, in turn, supposed they were killed. By tlio i.iine I reached the outpost the boys were scrumbling for their liorses lively. jVi ihe outpost was a building which before tlie war had been used OS a grocoiy- sicrc. In this buildin,^ the Corporal and one man sat before the fire Avhile the '.liird '.satched, the trio relieving each other at stated times. We formed in the road and awaited the approach of the enemy, but they did not come. Sup- posing n\y c onnades to have been killed, I proposed to the Corporal to let me take une of his 111' n and go to camp for a relief party, but he objected to remaining, so I propc^seu tliat he should take one and go, and 1 would remain. To this he consented, as h'.; could reach camp by going across the open fields. Posting my one man to prevent being cut off from the open field, I took position in the road, where it sc'^mcd lo rne I remained three or four hours, when 1 espied a man ap- proachiiig Iroiri the direction wliere the rebels had fired on us. I got the drop on the fellow, and allowed him to approach within about ten puces, then it was my turn to maiTo the cold chills creep over the other fellow, as I shouted, " Halt I who comes there?" A very complacent, almost meek, "Friend," was responded. " Advance, frif .id," I commanded, never losing my advantage, but having him constantly covered. .Approaching almost to the muzzle of my gun, with all the assurance of an old acquaintance, lie said, " \Vhero are the other boys ?" I said, "What otiior boys?" "Why, the Company B boys." ♦'What do you know about the Compiiny B boys?" I queried, still keeping him covered. " Why, weren't they on this post ? " " Who ore you, and what brought you here ?" I continued. He replied that ho came with some others, under Lieutenant Jones, from camp, supposing when they heard the firing that we were all captured, and the Lieuten- ant had halted his command and sent him to reconnoitre; so that instead of a reb, as I sup])Osed, he wfis one of the coolest Yanks I ever met.

The lieg-Iinent remained in tliis locality diirincr the battle of i'redericksburg, scouring the country for marauding and raiding parties, and picketing the roads in every direction.

The morning of the 10th, Companies L an<] K were detaclied and ordered — ihc ilvst named to (ieiuTal STnillu (»f tlie J^eft Grand Divis- ion, whose licvidqiiariers were jicar White-Oak Church at tlie time; and the latter to General Ivcynolds, commandinsr the First Army Corps. C;ipt:iin Vandei-bilt describe? in UTapiiic terms his first expe- rience in escort duty, which i-^ licre given in his own words from a letter to the liisl'.n'ian some years ago :

1 just want, to say a word about our mandi to tl^e river. Please remember that my company liad been mu^trr*'d into the si^rvico only about six weeks before iind had received horses less than a monfii y>rior to this march: and in the issue we drew cvrrMl'.ing on tlie li-t — w.-tt'rinL'djridles. lariat ropes and pins— in fact there was noll!in<„' on the priiit-vl li-^l of snpidits tliut we did not get. ."^lanvmen }<a<i extra liianktts, nice large rriilr-- prr-'^ntt-d V>y ^.;nle fond ux.thor or maiden aunt (dear soiils 1); salx-'rs a!id I'-'IS*-. t...:cih."r with tlie straps that pass over the sho'.ilder; carbines and slings; p»o(k< is full of enrtrid-^es; nose-bai^s and extra liliic bags for carrying oat^; h;;vers;;ek<. canteens, and spurs, some of them of

'*^-r'^m^:^^r;m^m:'^^^

ih-

^•--'1^

k^

^^'JR)i^':5?^

V-.

I

5 S

m

a-tu^ ^

1862 BATTLE OF FREDERICKSBURG. 55

the Mexican pattern, as large as small windmills, and more in the way than the spurs on a young rooster, catching in the grass when they walked, gathering up briers, vines, and weeds, and catching their pants, and in the way generally ; curry-combs, brushes, ponchos, button-tents, overcoats, frying-pans, cups, coffee- pots, etc. Now, the old companies had become used to these things and had got down to light marching condition gradually, had learned how to wear the uni- form, saber, carbines, etc. ; but my company had hardly time to get into proper shape when " the general " was sounded, " boots and saddles " blown, and Major Falls commanded :

" 'Shoun ! 'Air t'- Ouxt ! A-o-u-n-t ! "

Such a rattling, jingling, jerking, scrabbling, cursing, I never before heard. Green horses — some of them never had been ridden — turned round and round, backed against each other, jumped up or stood up like trained circus-horses. Some of the boys had a pile in front, on their saddles, and one in the rear, so high and heavy it took two men to saddle one horse and two men to help the fellow into his place. The horses sheered out, going sidewise, pushing the well-disposed animals out of position, etc. Some of the boys had never rode anything since they galloped on a hobby-horse, and clasped their legs close together, thus uncon- sciously sticking the spurs into their horses' sides.

Well, this was the crowd I commanded to mount on the morning I was or- dered by General Smith to follow him. We got in line near headquarters, and when he got ready to start he started all over. He left no doubt about his start- ing! He went like greased lightning! As soon as I could get my breath I shouted, " By fours, for-d, 'A-r-c-h ! " then immediately, " G-a-l-l-o-p, 'A-r-c-h ! " and away we went over the hard-frozen ground toward Fredericksburg. In less than ten minutes Tenth New York Cavalrymen might have been seen on every hill for two miles rearward. Poor fellows ! I wanted to help them, but the Gen- eral was " On to Richmond ! " and I hardly dare look back for fear of losing him. I didn't have the remotest idea where he was going, and didn't know but he was going to keep it up all day. It was my first Virginia ride as a warrior in the field. My uneasiness may be imagined. I was wondering what in the mischief I should say to the General when we halted and none of the company there but me. He was the first real live general I had seen who was going out to fight. Talk about the Flying Dutchman ! Blankets slipped from under saddles and hung by one corner; saddles slid back until they were on the rumps of the horses; others turned and were on the under side of the animals; horses running and kicking; tin pans, mess-kettles, patent sheet-iron camp-stoves, the boys had seen advertised in the illustrated papers and sold by the sutlers at Alexandria — about as useful as a piano or folding bed — flying through the air ; and all I could do was to give a hasty glance to the rear and sing out at the top of my voice :

" C-L-o-s-E u-p ! " ■ , •

But they couldn't "close." Poor boys! Their eyes stuck out like those of maniacs. We went only a few miles, but the boys didn't all get up till noon.

My company was used as orderlies to infantry generals. Pitt Morse was or- derly for General Russell. One day the General was sitting on his horse with Morse just behind, when he (Morse) spied a nice round ball (percussion shell) lying on the ground. lie jumped off and got it. Had no other place to put it, so laid it on his oats-bag in front, intending to take it honjc when he went ! (Wasn't that

56 HISTORY OF THE TENTH REGIMENT OF CAVALRY. 1862

innocence?) The General suddenly turned to give him an order, when his aston- ished gaze fell upon Morse's shell.

"What in the world have you got there!" shouted the General, laying his hand threateningly on his revolver. " Get down off that horse and don't you drop that shell ! Be careful, now. Go and lay it in tliat water, and then report to your commanding officer ; I don't need you any longer."

" Next morning," Captain Vanderbilt continues, " we saddled at break of day and started for Richmond via Fredericksburg. We went into camp some distance north of tlie river, crossing the lower pontoon bridge the following morning with the infantry and ar- tillery."

Companies K and L were present with the army at the battle of Fredericksburg, but neither company was seriously engaged.

On the 13th of December, the brigade commander, Brigadier- General George D. Bayard, was killed in the battle of Fredericks- burg. Bates's History of Pennsylvania Volunteers says : " At three o'clock in the afternoon, when the storm of battle was raging fiercest. General Bayard, now in command of the whole cavalry force, was struck by a shell and instantly killed." General Bayard was original- ly colonel of the First Pennsylvania Cavalry, of which David Gardner was afterward lieutenant-colonel. The latter officer was near the General at the time he was wounded and gives an account of it, sub- stantially as follows : The brigade, after crossing on Franklin's pon- toons, drove the rebels back and established a strong line of videttes. A dense fog prevailed, which late in the day had risen, thus fairly disclosing the positions of our troops, which were being vigorously shelled. An officer of a regular battery near by had invited the Gen- eral to partake of lunch with him, and on arising from tlic ground where he had been reclining to accompany the officer, he was struck by a shell on the upper part of the thigh, shattering the log. He was immediately removed in an unconscious condition to a house * and laid upon a bed, and consciousness soon returned. To the question, " Doctor, what are the chances for life ? " he received the answer, " There is a chance, General, if you survive the shock of the amputa- tion." He instantly replied, "I don't want to live, sir, with the leg gone." He proceeded with deliberation to dispose of his propertv, making his will and dictating letters, which he signed with liis own hand. One of these was to the lady to whom he was to have been married on tlie day he was buried. The preparations for the wed-

* The Bernard house, known as " ^hinsfield.**

PREPARATORY TO GOIXO INTO WINTER QUARTERS.

57

ihr\'^ \uid been made, and the young hero had liis leave of absence in hiA jM'ckot, but refused to avail himself of its privilege when ho Iv-inii'd of tlie ai)proaching battle. He was perfectly calm and col- 1 -ted up to the moment of his death, which he awaited with tlie r •urajjo of a true soldier.

(hi the death of General Bayard, the brigade which he had so itK'y led was increased to a division, and Colonel D. McM. Gregg, of tin' Ki.Ldjth Pennsylvania Cavalry (captain Sixth U. S. Cavalry), was r*r'*in«»t(.vl brigadier-general of volunteers, with rank from Xovember *;% 1 >'■.'.', and assigned to its coinmiind.

The Kogiment continued to picket the northern part of Stafford i'cinuy until about the 20th of December. On the 16th of this i;H>!ith tlie greater part of the men who were captured near Centre- ville on the ;U»t of August and paroled, rejoined the Regiment, hav- h:ir Ux-n duly exchanged. "Wliile picketing here the men made the nu^r-i of life, living pretty well, and occupying deserted dwellings lhri»ui:b the country when off duty. Fresh meat and vegetables w.jv fn'<iuent]y ol)tained from the farmers, which contributed to the h' ul'.h and avoirdupois of the men.

Ordvrs were received on the 22d of December to be ready to move the nvxt day; and on the 23d the brigade, now composed of the First M;*i:u% Second Xew York, and Tenth Kew York regiments of cav- airy, rt)ninKinded by Colonel Judson Kilpatrick, of the Second Xew \< rk Cavalry, went into camp near Belle Plain Landing, where it w:v* d*^ lined to spend the winter months in what came to be known a^ Cuinp Bayard.

58 HISTORY OF THE TENTH REGDIENT OF CAVALRY. 1803

CHAPTER IV.

SPRIXG CAMPAIGN, 1863. — FROM CAMP BAYARD TO BATTLE OF BRAIS'DY STATIOX.

^"^\^itti>^£^i>^J' DREARY, uninviting spot was that where '^if^'^'"^''^Sl't'^^1% Bayard's old troopers encamped on the 23d ^\f'^^~'<^:~'i^-^Vi^^-i^^ of December, 18G2. They had become so .,: Iv. ir^i \ J!„__A5\ accustomed to sudden changes, leaving

l^ml" ' fe^-A!;j^ quarters on which they had spent much ^-i'^^, ■-/■ ^ii^'Xf:^^^^ ^^^01*1 that few did more than make

'•- ^ ff^i^ (;$^i*£i::-> arrangements for present needs. It

" "'^'^""^ can hardly be believed that this place, where

[^■''■^H^n(i^-'—) ^^®y remained for the succeeding three months

and more, was the result of choice. It would rather appear to have been accidental that the command found itself fixed in the location where it dismounted amid scrub-oaks and bushes on the evening of the year 18G2 ; but with assurances that they were to go into wdnter quarters the boys swung the axe and used the s^^ade with a vigor that made a bad scar on the face of Dame Xature in a short time. The wilderness Avas quickly trans- formed into a miniature city, and as tinu? rolled by, givi ug prom- ise of permanency, the hastily-constructed mansions were improved in architectural appearance and home comforts.

The place was christened Camp Bayard in honor of the youthful commander who had but recently lost his life in battle. It was a shameful degradation of a chivalrous name, a questionable honor to a brave and deserving otheer. The place was a wilderness. There w^as more Virginia to the acre in Camp Bayard than couM be found in any other part of the State. Hills and vales, scrub-oaks, mud, and hard times were there blended. The ground was as wrinkled as an elephant's hide in time of famine ; but it was wonderful how soon the boys transformed the location into a place of comparative good looks. The log-liuts had l)een erected with little regard for align- ment or regularity, but as tune }>assed they were arranged and fixed

■iwiiiaiys»^i^'-.v'^'f'r''ts^

/

.J

GENERAL D. McM. GREGG.

1SG3 , CAMP SCENES AND INCIDENTS. 59

up so as to present " a line of beauty." Tents had been issued about tlie time the Eegiment went into camp. These served for roofs. Even the detestable Virginia mud was brought into use to render the cabins comfortable, filling the chinks and cracks. The interiors were in most cases home-like and cozy, and evinced taste in their arrange- ments. Good cheer was always to be found within.

]\Iajor Avery had a large log-house erected, where a night-school was held for the instruction of the officers and non-commissioned ofliccrs. The horses were carefully looked after, the camp rigidly policed, and every effort put forth by the officers to render the Eegi- ment eflicient. The trooper who ventured to trot or gallop his horse was reminded of the indiscretion by his comrades uniting in the familiar shout, " Walk that horse ! "

]\rany of the bugle-calls were given words in verse by the boys. "When " feed-call " was sounded, they would unite in singing :

" Come to the stable, while you are able, And give your horses some corn : If you don't do it, the Colonel will know it, And you'll catch h — in the morn ! "

There were a large number of contrabands in camp, chief among them being a bright little round-headed black boy known as " Cul- peper," from his having come from that historical borough. He was irrepressible. Under his leadership these colored boys would congre- gate after the men had retired for the night, and keep up song and dance until morning unless dispersed.

xVssistant Surgeon Clarke in mentioning these, says :

I well remember when the officer of tlie day was on his tour on one occasion. These contrabands had formed in line, armed with sticks, sabers, or anything that would serve the purpose, and on his approach rendered the salute in true military style. I can see Captain Peck even now charg-ing on the black rascals withdrawn SidxTs, and can also see the black hussars scattering in every direction.

It was not all camp-life during these winter days. Picket duty helped to drive dull care away. However, the boys managed to get considerable pleasure out of life in Camp Bayard.

Captain Vandorbilt was relieved, with his company, from duty at General Smith's headquarters and reported at Camp Bayard on the 3d of January, and part of Company K returned on the 11th of the same month.

Forty-five men belonging to Company M were mustered into service at Elmira, and left for the Bi'giment on the 10th of January.

CO HISTORY OF THE TENTH llEGIMENT OF CAVALRY. 18G3

About this time Colonel Leinmon came to Camp Bayard and as- sumed command of the Regiment. He remained but a few days, but his presence rekindled the smoldering embers of animosity, and the strife was renewed with vigor. It was of short duration, however, as he returned to AVashington again on the 13th of February.

Tv\'o hundred men, under command of Major Avery, went to Lamb Creek Church on the 16th of January for the purpose of pick- eting the lower Iiappahannock. The weather was bitter cold and the sulTering of the men and horses great. The morning after their arrival the llegiment was relieved by the Harris Light Cavalry and returned to camp, and the following day was inspected by General Gregg. ■

The entire Eegiment, numbering about seven hundred and fifty men, was ordered on picket, going to Lamb Creek Church again on the 20th of January. Only enough men to properly police and care for the camp were left behind. The weather was very bad. High winds and rain prevailed all night, and continued without cessation the 21st and 22d. Notwithstanding the storm, great activity among the troops was everywhere manifested. From six to ten men were on a post at a time on the picket-line. Every horse was kept under the saddle, and the greatest vigilance maintained. This was the time of the "mud march," when the army under General Burnside became hopelessly stuck in the mud.

The 23d was pleasant but cold. The Tenth remained on picket until the 24th, when it returned to camp, and the next day, Sunday, was inspected by General Gregg.

Jxiiiii commenced falling again on the 2'7th, turning to snow dur- ing tlie night. It grow intensely cold on the 2Sth, on which day the Regiment moved out at 3 P. M. on what proved to be a most tedious march. At midnight it went into camp near King George Court- Ilouse. Starting out again at daybreak on the 29th it marched to Mathias Point, distant from Camp Bayard about thirty miles. T^>^ journey was made in a terrible storm, over roads well-nigh impassa- ble. Early on tlie morning of tlie 30th the return march was com- menced, and the command went into bivouac near the previous night's camp. The next morning tlie march was resumed and Camp Bayard reached about noon.

On the 3d of February the Regiment was paid to the 31st of Oc- tober, and everybody, including the sutler, was happy.

Again the Regiment was ordered on picket, leaving camp Sunday, February 8th, resuming its former place along the Rappahannock

j^r>:i SEVERE SNOW STORM. 61

Kiwr, which had now become quite familiar. On being relieved by thi" Harris Light Cavalry, the command returned to camp on the rjili. After making some changes of location at Camp Bayard and lini'ariug themselves for a comfortable time, the boys were once more •^tniimoued to King George County to do picket duty on Sunday, the I'.th of February, relieving the Eighth Illinois and Tliird Indiana cavalry regiments. The change did not involve any serious hard- hliips. i\!^ the boys generally found comfortable quarters in deserted biiiMiisgs and the commissariat was much improved by the finding of qihiniities of hams, poultry, eggs, milk, etc. The isolated nature of the country had preserved it from the frequent forays of the fero- ci«;*i!S forager. Turkeys and pigs roamed at will for a while. There wt-re many young ladies in the neighborhood, who, if not always lovul, were generally social. They threw cheerful rays of sunshine into this otherwise benighted section, for it could not be truthfully j>aid that it was a paradise. The Northern Xeck was the home of tli<* ].ecsy and Washington had spent some time there, probably the U-iUT to appreciate the rest of the United States.*

Cortsiderable rain and snow fell while the Tenth was on duty in tld^ country, a very severe storm occurring on the 17th of February. Tiit^ :i'id was very cold and nearly a foot of snow was on the ground. Two men were taken prisoners from Company B on this day, but the Cumpany B boys evened up by capturing two Johnnies two days later, Joseph Ranney and Butler Eollins by name, members of the Xiuih Virginia Cavalry.

Company ^l joined the Regiment on the r20th of February, mak- ing the regimental organization of three battalions complete for the tir>t time.

Surgeon 11. K. Clarke relates the following incidents of life on tlie Xorthern Neck at this time :

Tlie Rogiment was assigned to picket duty in King George County in the win- t«.To( 18'.>2-'G3. Some amusing incidents occurred while there. Captain V^ander-

* hi The nistory of the British Plantations in America, London, 18CS, Part I, pa-.? \rj,\ it is recorded:

*• Iininodiately after tliis Affair of tlie Phnit-Cutting was over. Lord Culpepper ^■t'lna•d again Governor: and while he was holding his second Assembly, his L *rd-«hip liaving it then in View to purchase the Proprietorship of the Northern Nt'^k, viz.: tliat Strip or Portion of Land which lies between the Rivers Rappa- lutnn.x-k and Potowmaek,*' etc.

Lord Thomas Cuipeper arrived from England as Governor of Virginia in IGTl).

62 HISTORY OF THE TENTH REGIMENT OF CAVALRY. 1863

bilt— he who knew all the horses in his company V)y sundry natural and uneras- able marks — was at one time in command of the pickets, one post being near a blacksmith-shop at the crossing of two roads. Near by lived a lady with several daughters. The master of tliis household was in Fort Lafayette for 1-lockade- running. They were ardent '• seccsh," and never lost an opportunity to drum on their old piano The Bonnie Blue Flag when any of the officers passed. Orders had been issued strictly prohibiting the killing of swine, sheep, calves, etc. One day the lady, full of righteous indignation, sought out Major xVvcry t-nd related that Captain Vanderbilt's men had killed her pet ply ! Captain Vandcrbilt was

summoned. " Captain," said the Major, " Mrs. tells me that your men have

killed her pet pig. Do you know anything about it i "

" Yes, Major," replied the Captain, while a suppressed smile hung about the corners of his eyes, " the facts of the case are these : The pig attacked one of my men on the picket post, and the man, being armed, got the best of the pig I"

The lady was compelled to bear her loss without redross.

Major Avery was a great lover of card-playing. lie one day bantered our commissaiy, Lieutenant Preston, to a novel and uni'iue game of cards. Preston held off for some time, but finally yielded to the ^Major's importunities and en- gaged in a game. The result was so unsatisfactory to the regimental commander that Preston was not bothered with further requests to play. The Major's dis- comfiture "was a standing joke among his friends for a long time.

One night I with several others took refuge in a deserted log-house. The horses were put in one part and we slept in the other. The snow was deep and wet and the roads had no bottom. In the morning early the cabin took fire from our chimney, and we were all incontinently hurried out into the snow.

In that country I saw for the first time people who did not know what a stove was. They cooked in fireplaces as their forefathers had done.

R. G. King, of Company xi, relates a midnight adventure as fol- lows :

" William A. Baker, John P. McWethey, Lyman Senter, Lon. ^lay- you, John T.King and he, were on picket and patrol duty. Senter was on post and 3[ayyou patroled the road onee an hour to the ncjir- est picket post, that of Company L. The night was very dark, and they had been instructed to maintain a strict outlook, as tlie roljcls had been unusually active and enterprising. Mayyou, at the time King approached the post, had been gone more than the allotted time, and, as the moments flew by, the impression became more fixed in their minds that he had gone on a visit to Richmond. Two liours passed, and nothing having been heard from liini, King concluiUd to make the trip over the road, which ran through a dense wood part of the way, the balance of the route being hedged in by sc:it!:*jring cedars. lie cocked liis revolver and started forward peering into {\\q gloom, looking for something he did not want to Ibid. Passing along the cedars he had almost reached the dense wood. In an instant,

18G3 REVIEW OP THE ARMY OF THE POTOMAC. 63

quick as a flash, liis horse jumped to the side of the road into the ditch and King landed on his neck. The horse remained immovable, and King, with revolver cocked and aimed toward the point of sup- jnhsetl rebels, breathlessly strained his vision in search of the cause of his horse's fright. Yes, he saw something move. "Was it ^layyon, wounded and unable to speak, or were they rebels moving to get into his rear ? lie was about to fire, when he discerned the dim outlines of an animal. He advanced and found it to be a calf that had been lying down in the road, and was lazily stretching itself as he came up. King felt that his growth was interfered with by that night's advent- ure. He continued his march without further incident, and found Maj-you at the picket post, where he had been detained, as he had failed to secure the countersign."

Bidding adieu to friends and familiar scenes in King George County, the Eegiment returned to Camp Bayard on the 2Stli of Feb- ruary. Here it remained drilling and fixing np quarters until Mon- day, March 9tli, when it went to Lamb Creek Church on picket again. The Seconti Virginia was picketing the opposite side of the Eappahannock. It evinced a desire to fraternize, but the orders and disposition at this time were opposed to holding any intercourse with the enemy. A boat filled with Confederate soldiers attempted to make a crossing to our side on the 11th of March, but met with such a warm reception from the pickets that they hastily returned.

On being relieved by the First Pennsylvania Cavalry, the Eegi- ment returned to Camp Bayard on the 19th. Brigade and division inspections on the 21th and 25th were followed by drilling and po- licing the camp.

A part of the Kegiment was again sent on the 2Stli to picket the Rappahannock below the point where they had recently'been on duty.

A detail from the Tenth went to Falmouth on the 2d of April for horses, returning with about seventy-five.

Captain Carpenter, of Company G, on being ordered before a board of examination on the 4th of April, tendered his resignation, which was accepted on the 9th of the same month.

The bugle-blasts brought the men from their quarters early on the 6th of April. Snow to the deptli of two or three inches had fallen the day before, and, although still cold, the temperature was suffi- ciently moderate to allow the clay to mix freely, the result of which Avas plenty of mud. At seven o'clock the division, headed by Gen- eral Gregg and staiT, moved out of camp, going to F:'lmouth, where

64 niSTORY OF THE TENTH REGIMENT OF CAVALRY 18G3

the Army of the Potomac was reviewed by President Lincoln and General Hooker. After remaining in line a long time, during which the infantry and artillery were being reviewed, the tall, gaunt form of the President came into view, accompanied by General Hooker and a vast retinue. The latter were ke2)t busy plying whip and spur to keep in company. The President's face was pale, sad, and care-worn in appearance. lie sat his small horse with ease, his long legs hang- ing straight down, the feet nearly reaching to tlie ground. The standing was followed by a passing review, in which the troopers were given anothei opportunity of seeing the Chief Magistrate of the nation.

Returning at -i P. m., active prej^arations were immediately begun for leaving Camp Bayard. That portion of the Regiment on picket reached camp on the 7th, and on Wednesday, April 8th, the brigade moved out and formed in an open field, west of the camp, to witness the infliction of the sentence of court-martial on two deserters from the Second Xew York Cavalry. After the brigade had been formed in a square, with one side left open, a blacksmith-forge was brought into the inclosure and a large brand of the letter D was heated to redness. ^Meantime the culprits having been marched into the open space, the hair was cut from one side of the head of one, tlie red-hot brand was then applied to the left hip of both, and they were marched around the inside of the inclosure near the line, tliat every man might have a close view of their features. This, togetlier with the doleful music and savage proximity of the sabers' points to tlie backs of the prisoners, was calculated to leave an enduring impression on the minds of the witnesses* The prisoners were then marched olf and the troops returned to camp.

Some changes had been wrought in the composition of the Ucgi- ment during its stay in Camp Bayard. The command had become united and the organization of a three-battalion regiment completed. General Hooker, who had succeeded General Burnside in command of the Army of the Potomac, was the first commander of the army to recognize the worth of the cavalry. He caused the scattered regi- ments to be collected and organized into a corps, to the command of which Brigadier-General George Stoneman was appointed. It was as follows ;

1ST>:J CHANGES IN THE TENTH. 05

CAVALRY CORPS.

Brigadier-General George Stoneman.*

First Division. — Brigadier-General Alfred Plcasonton.

First Brifjade. — Colonel Benjamin F, Davis : Eighth Illinois, Colonel David R. Clendenin ; Third Indiana, Colonel George H. Chapman : Eighth New York, Lieutenant-Colonel Charles R. Babbit ; Ninth New York, Colonel William Sackett.

Second Brigade. — Colonel Thomas C. Devin: First ]Miehigaii, Company L, Lieutenant John K. Truax ; Sixth New York, Lieutenant - Colonel Duncan McVicar, Captain William E. Beardsley; Eighth Pennsylvania, Major Pennock Huey: Seventeenth Pennsylvania, Colonel Josiah H. Kellogg.

Artilhry. — New York Light, Sixth Battery, Lieutenant Joseph W. Martin.

Second Division. — Brigadier-General William W. Averill.

First Brigade. — Colonel Horace B, Sargent :